Why extensive research and development did not promote use of peach palm fruit in Latin America

The pharmaceutical industry is currently one of the most viable businesses nationally and internationally. There is a growth in investment for the creation and expansion of pharmacies, as well as in research and development of treatments; The expansion of large patent medicine pharmacies, similar pharmacies, and interchangeable generic pharmacies has led Mexico to occupy second place in Latin America in this sector. This research studies the business model of GI pharmacies, a growing concept, which has made it position itself in the market in any region of the country. The research is descriptive, and the objective is to know the profile of the consumer, which helps to understand the purchasing behavior, to increase the degree of satisfaction and thus achieve a better position in this widely competitive market. The variables considered for this study are: demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral. All of them make up the consumer profile, where a description of the selected client is established as an objective that will help us determine the purchase preference.

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Estimating peach palm fruit surface area using allometric relationships

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162002000400015 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 717-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marilene Leão Alves Bovi ◽

Sandra Heiden Spiering

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Curve Fitting ◽

Gravimetric Method ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Image Method ◽

Allometric Relationships ◽

Maximum Width ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Peach Palm ◽

Fruit Surface

Fruit surface area is an important trait in studies of developmental physiology, as well as in entomological and phytopathological research, where damage caused by insects and/or microorganisms needs to be quantified. Nonetheless, direct measurement of this trait is difficult, not very precise and destructive. This study establishes allometric relationships to estimate the surface area of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae) fruits. Five fruits were harvested, at different maturation stages, from each of 18 plants. Image digitalization and edition methodology was adapted and compared with the traditional gravimetric method. Regression analysis and curve fitting were used to compare the two methods and establish allometric relationships among fruit surface area and fruit weight and size. The method based on image digitalization was twice as fast as the gravimetric method. Curve fitting for all pairs of independent and dependent variables was better with the image method. For most relationships, the best model was the exponential function (Y = ax b), although, due to its simplicity, the linear model is also adequated. The best allometric estimates of fruit surface area (Y) were obtained using the product of fruit length by maximum width (x) were: Y = 2.077 x 1.189 (R² = 94.8%); and Y = - 6.261 + 3.961 x (R² = 94.5%). Traits needed to establish this relationship are easily measured and non-destructive in nature. Validation of the allometric equations is essential when applied to other populations or landraces.

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Extraction of total carotenoids from peach palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes) peel by means of ultrasound application and vegetable oil

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v86n209.74840 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (209) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jader Martínez Girón ◽

Luis Eduardo Ordoñez Santos ◽

Diana Ximena Rodríguez-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Extraction Time ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Peach Palm ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Ultrasound Application ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Experimental Values

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to extract total carotenoids from dried peach palm peel using soy oil as extraction solvent. Optimization of UAE parameters of total carotenoid extraction from dried peel was done using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD). The extraction parameters were temperature, extraction time and solid to solvent ratio. The optimum UAE conditions were 48°C, extraction time of 28 min, and solid to solvent ratio of 0.0037 g/mL, with a predicted carotenoids content of 151.50 mg/100 g dried peel. To validate the optimized model, the experimental values were compared with the predicted values to check the adequacy of the model. Ultrasound extraction was 33.60% higher than maceration technique. This study indicated that UAE should contribute to a green process for valorization of peach palm by-products.

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Sensory dimensions of peach-palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and implications for future genetics

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v32i1.41348 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 77-92

Author(s):

José María Martínez ◽

Leidy Paola Moreno-Caicedo ◽

Oscar Alfonso Loaiza-Loaiza

Keyword(s):

Consumer Preferences ◽

Starch Content ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Taste Quality ◽

Large Set ◽

Bactris Gasipaes ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Peach Palm ◽

Econometric Methods ◽

Palm Fruits

Introduction. Long-term genetic improvement efforts in Latin America aimed to ameliorate peach-palm fruit farmers’ technical capacities and livelihoods have proven to be ineffective. Although experts agree this is partly the result of large uncertainty regarding consumer preferences, such research remains as virtually nonexistent. Objective. To identify chemical and morphologic attributes that are attractive for final consumers of peach-palm fruit and how these attributes are related to final perceptions of fruit quality, through statistical and econometric methods. Materials and methods. By using the harvest from a large set of varieties from a peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes) germplasm bank in Southwestern Colombia, 482 evaluations were made between April to October of 2016 by local consumers who tasted the fruits and gave a report on their perception of taste/quality in a case study scheme. Combining these data with further information on fruit color, oiliness perception, and additional controls, an ordered logit regression model was set to identify the attributes that describe peach-palm fruits with the most favorable scores for their taste/quality perception. Results. Preferences on oil contents were not linear. Fruits perceived as high-oil were between 9 and 13 % more likely to be considered as having the best taste/quality, while those perceived high-starch content were correlated with a significant aversion towards the fruit, namely 43 % less likely to be among the best fruits. Conclusion. A great deal of research is yet to be done around peach-palm fruit consumer preferences and, furthermore, it should be carried on an interdisciplinary ground. Further analyses of desired fruit traits should be made at sub-national levels, identifying ranges of suitable oiliness and morphological expected attributes and how available genetic material could help to satisfy those needs.

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Profile of peach palm fruit consumers in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Pará, Brazilian Amazon

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss1.2929 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 550-560

Author(s):

Marcos Antônio Souza dos Santos ◽

Daniellen Costa Protázio ◽

Gabriela Pereira da Costa ◽

Fabrício Khoury Rebello ◽

Cyntia Meireles Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Bactris Gasipaes ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Peach Palm ◽

The Past ◽

Consumption Frequency

People in the Amazon highly value the fruit of the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), but its commercialization is hampered because of consumers’ difficulty in identifying fruit of good quality. This study seeks to evaluate the behavior of peach palm fruit consumers in municipalities in the Belém Region in Pará State by conducting a survey of 200 consumers. Peach palm consumption frequency is low, and it has not grown over the past five years in the largest proportion of consumers. The attributes most consumers looked for when purchasing peach palm were its external aspects, displaying a preference for red, oily pulp, medium-sized fruits that were pitted. Consumers enjoy purchasing peach palm as bunches of raw fruit, and while they believe that the price is too high, they are willing to pay more for fruit of proven quality.

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Strategic Innovation and the Knowledge Society

Global Strategy and Practice of E-Governance ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-489-9.ch024 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 424-442

Author(s):

Leonardo Pineda Serna

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Research And Development ◽

Knowledge Society ◽

Technological Changes ◽

World Average ◽

Strategic Innovation ◽

Viable Solution ◽

Development Policies ◽

The World ◽

Innovation Strategies

It has become increasingly evident that knowledge is intimately associated with strategic innovation (i.e. as a deliberate action allowing the benefits arising from new technological changes to produce better conditions for being able to become part of the so-called knowledge society). Several academic studies and empirical investigations carried out by international organisms have agreed on this point. However, Latin-America (including Caribbean countries) are still far from achieving levels above the world average, there being very few exceptions which thereby seem more to corroborate the rule. One difficulty seems to stem from the low level of ICT positioning in the region’s countries, as well as the lack of research and development policies and innovation strategies for improving such countries’ competitiveness (and that of the region taken as a whole). This chapter proposes schemes which would provide a viable solution to the quandary which Latin-America is in.

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Development of low cost tubular furnaces for Research & Development Laboratories

The Academic Society Journal ◽

10.32640/tasj.2017.4.136 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 136-149

Author(s):

GGD Costa ◽

GR Solinger ◽

MM Silva ◽

RP Gracioli ◽

FP Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Research And Development ◽

Low Cost ◽

Thermal Inertia ◽

Philosophical Tradition ◽

Construction Methods ◽

Operational Temperature ◽

Materials Used ◽

High Thermal Inertia ◽

Development Methods

In order to contribute with the most diverse research and development laboratories in its experiments, this paper presents the development methods for the construction of electric furnaces able to operate at temperatures up to 1200oC, with high thermal inertia and low cost. Research and development laboratories in Latin America face many difficulties in maintaining their experiments, especially those related to the synthesis of materials. However, many labs do not have the philosophical tradition of building their own research equipment, depending on whether importing or buying expensive equipment. In this article, we demonstrate the possibility of developing furnaces with good thermal homogeneity using low cost materials found throughout Latin America. Finally, we describe the construction methods and the materials used in the construction of two different furnaces operating at temperatures up to 400oC and 1200oC, presenting very good thermal inertia and homogeneity. With an operational temperature up to 1200 oC, both furnaces have thermal inertia and homogeneity.

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