Survival in Glacial Refugia Versus Postglacial Dispersal in the North Atlantic: The Cases of Red Seaweeds

The distribution and demographic patterns of marine organisms in the north Atlantic were largely shaped by climatic changes during the Pleistocene, when recurrent glacial maxima forced them to move south or to survive in northern peri-glacial refugia. These patterns were also influenced by biological and ecological factors intrinsic to each species, namely their dispersion ability. The ballan wrasse ( Labrus bergylta ), the largest labrid fish along Europe's continental margins, is a target for fisheries and aquaculture industry. The phylogeographic pattern, population structure, potential glacial refugia and recolonization routes for this species were assessed across its full distribution range, using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The existence of a marked population structure can reflect both recolonization from three distinct glacial refugia and current and past oceanographic circulation patterns. Although isolated in present times, shared haplotypes between continental and Azores populations and historical exchange of migrants in both directions point to a common origin of L. bergylta . This situation is likely to be maintained and/or accentuated by current circulation patterns in the north Atlantic, and may lead to incipient speciation in the already distinct Azorean population. Future monitoring of this species is crucial to evaluate how this species is coping with current environmental changes.

Download Full-text

Intraspecific mitogenomics of three marine species-at-risk: Atlantic, spotted, and northern wolffish (Anarhichas spp.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2018-0043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 625-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Linda A. Lait ◽

Steven M. Carr

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Marine Species ◽

Glacial Refugia ◽

Life History Strategies ◽

The North ◽

Spotted Wolffish ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Refugia Within Refugia ◽

A Minor

High-resolution mitogenomics of within-species relationships can answer such phylogeographic questions as how species survived the most recent glaciation, as well as identify contemporary factors such as physical barriers, isolation, and gene flow. We examined the mitogenomic population structure of three at-risk species of wolffish: Atlantic (Anarhichas lupus), spotted (A. minor), and northern (A. denticulatus). These species are extensively sympatric across the North Atlantic but exhibit very different life history strategies, a combination that results in concordant and discordant patterns of genetic variation and structure. Wolffish haplogroups were not structured geographically: Atlantic and spotted wolffish each comprised three shallow clades, whereas northern wolffish comprised two deeper but unstructured lineages. We suggest that wolffish species survived in isolation in multiple glacial refugia, either refugia within refugia (Atlantic and spotted wolffish) or more distant refugia (northern wolffish), followed by secondary admixture upon post-glacial recolonisation of the North Atlantic.

Download Full-text

The Currents of the North Atlantic

Scientific American ◽

10.1038/scientificamerican09171892-13940supp ◽

1892 ◽

Vol 34 (872supp) ◽

pp. 13940-13941

Author(s):

Richard Beynon

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

Download Full-text

Power-feed equipment for the North Atlantic link

Proceedings of the IEE - Part B Radio and Electronic Engineering ◽

10.1049/pi-b-1.1957.0006 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 104 (4S) ◽

pp. 51-59

Author(s):

G.W. Meszaros ◽

H.H. Spencer

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

Download Full-text

NATO adaptation to current challenges and mechanisms of Ukraine’s cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Public administration and local government ◽

10.33287/101910 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

Oleh Poshedin

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Task Force ◽

Response Force ◽

Cyber Attack ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Joint Force ◽

Security Environment ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Area Of Influence

The purpose of the article is to describe the changes NATO undergoing in response to the challenges of our time. Today NATO, as a key element of European and Euro-Atlantic security, is adapting to changes in the modern security environment by increasing its readiness and ability to respond to any threat. Adaptation measures include the components required to ensure that the Alliance can fully address the security challenges it might face. Responsiveness NATO Response Force enhanced by developing force packages that are able to move rapidly and respond to potential challenges and threats. As part of it, was established a Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, a new Allied joint force that deploy within a few days to respond to challenges that arise, particularly at the periphery of NATO’s territory. NATO emphasizes, that cyber defence is part of NATO’s core task of collective defence. A decision as to when a cyber attack would lead to the invocation of Article 5 would be taken by the North Atlantic Council on a case-by-case basis. Cooperation with NATO already contributes to the implementation of national security and defense in state policy. At the same time, taking into account that all decision-making in NATO based on consensus, Ukraine’s membership in the Alliance quite vague perspective. In such circumstances, in Ukraine you often can hear the idea of announcement of a neutral status. It is worth reminding that non-aligned status did not save Ukraine from Russian aggression. Neutral status will not accomplish it either. All talks about neutrality and the impossibility of Ukraine joining NATO are nothing but manipulations, as well as recognition of the Ukrainian territory as Russian Federation area of influence (this country seeks to sabotage the Euro-Atlantic movement of Ukraine). Think about it, Moldova’s Neutrality is enshrined in the country’s Constitution since 1994. However, this did not help Moldova to restore its territorial integrity and to force Russia to withdraw its troops and armaments from Transnistria.

Download Full-text