Bioconversion of Agro-waste to Value-Added Product Through Solid-State Fermentation by a Potent Fungal Strain Aspergillus flavus PUF5

Enhancement in the production of enzyme by utilizing different strains of microbe is one of the main prospects in biotechnology. In the present work, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMF) was selected as the chemical mutagen for inducing mutagenesis in fungi. It is a cheap method to induce random mutation as compared to other methods of recombinant technologies. Strain improvement was done by incubating the fungal spore suspension at variable concentrations of EMS i.e. 4% (v/v) and 10% (v/v) for the time period of 60, 90, and 120 min respectively. The set of control was treated with distilled water only. The fungal colonies were found to be maximum in control plate as compared to the EMF exposed plates. The number of fungal colonies was reduced as we raised the exposure time of EMF. Specific activity and the lipase activity of wild strain and hyperproducer were evaluated under the submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF). The wild strain denoted the 3.2 U/ml/min of enzymatic activity under SmF and 15.87 U/g/min of activity under SSF. In contrast, the best enzymatic activity was represented by S2St1 at 10% of EMS after the time period of 60 min i.e. 11.7 U/ml/min under SmF and 99.35 U/g/min under SSF after the time period of 72 hrs. Statistical analysis by using one-way ANOVA determined that the value of F calculated was lower than the F tabulated. So, there was a significant relation between the EMS percentage and time of exposure among the mutated strains. In conclusion, this soil fungal strain can be utilized to produce lipase enzyme for numerous industrial applications.

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Lignocellulolytic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus under solid state fermentation using silage, stover, and cobs of maize

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.2.3797-3807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 3797-3807

Author(s):

Magdah Ganash ◽

Tarek M. Abdel Ghany ◽

Mohamed A. Al Abboud ◽

Mohamed M. Alawlaqi ◽

Husam Qanash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Value Added ◽

Extracellular Protein ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Lignocellulosic Substrate

Lignocellulolytic white-rot fungi allow the bioconversion of agricultural wastes into value-added products that are used in a myriad of applications. The aim of this work was to use corn residues (Zea mays L.) to produce valuable products under solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Pleurotus ostreatus. White-rot fungus P. ostreatus was isolated from maize silage (MS) and thereafter it was inoculated on MS as substrate and compared with maize stover (MSt) and maize cobs (MC) to determine the best lignocellulosic substrate for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and extracellular protein. The MS gave the highest productivity of CMCase (368.2 U/mL), FPase (170.5 U/mL), laccase (11.4 U/mL), and MnPase (6.6 U/mL). This is compared to productivity on MSt of 222 U/mL, 50.2 U/mL, 4.55 U/mL, and 2.57 U/mL, respectively; and productivity on MC at the same incubation period as 150.5 U/mL, 48.2 U/mL, 3.58 U/mL, and 2.5 U/mL, respectively. The levels of enzyme production declined with increasing incubation period after 15 and 20 days using MS and MC, respectively, as substrates. Maximum liberated extracellular protein content (754 to 878 µg/mL) was recorded using MS, while a low amount (343 to 408 µg/mL) was liberated with using MSt and MC.

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Bioconversion of biomass: a case study of ligno-cellulosics bioconversions in solid state fermentation

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89131998000400001 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 379-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ashok Pandey ◽

Carlos R. Soccol

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Value Added ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Lignocellulosic Residues ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Feed Enzymes ◽

Value Added Products

Lignocellulosic residues obtained from crops cultivation form useful sources to be used as substrate for bioconversion processes. Sugarcane bagasse, which is a complex substrate obtained from the processing of sugar cane, is an important biomass among such sources. Due to its abundant availability, it can serve as an ideal substrate for microbial processes for the production of value added products. This paper reviews recent developments on biological processes developed on production of various products in solid state fermentation using sugarcane bagasse as the substrate and describes production of protein enriched feed, enzymes, amino acid, organic acids and compounds of pharmaceutical importance, etc. through microbial means.

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Role of Aspergillus flavus on Biodegradation of Lignocellulosic Waste Millet Straw and Optimization Parameters for Enzyme Hydrolysis and Ethanol Production under Solid State Fermentation

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.055 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 429-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prathvi V. Narsale ◽

Sejal R. Patel ◽

Pradeep Acharya

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽

Lignocellulosic Waste ◽

Optimization Parameters

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It Works! Organic-Waste-Assisted Trichoderma spp. Solid-State Fermentation on Agricultural Digestate

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010164 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Carlotta Alias ◽

Daniela Bulgari ◽

Emanuela Gobbi

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Food Waste ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Fungal Biomass ◽

Value Added ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Wood Sawdust ◽

A Value ◽

Plant Growth Promoting

This study aimed at valorizing digestate through Trichoderma spp. solid-state fermentation (SSF) to produce a potentially ameliorated fertilizer combined with fungal biomass as a value-added bioproduct. Plant-growth-promoting Trichoderma atroviride Ta13, T. reesei RUT-C30, T. asperellum R, and T. harzianum T-22 were tested on different SSF substrates: whole digestate (WD), digestate dried up with wood sawdust (SSF1), and digestate enriched with food waste and dried up with wood sawdust (SSF2). The fungal biomass was quantified by using a qPCR assay. The growth of the four Trichoderma spp. was only observed on the SSF2 substrate. The highest quantity of mycelium was produced by T. reesei RUT-30 (689.80 ± 80.53 mg/g substrate), followed by T. atroviride Ta13, and T. asperellum R (584.24 ± 13.36 and 444.79 ± 91.02 mg/g substrate). The germination of Lepidium sativum seeds was evaluated in order to assess the phytoxicity of the Trichoderma-enriched substrate. The treatments with 7.5% SSF2-R, 3.75% SSF2-T-22, and 1.8% SSF2-Ta13 equally enhanced the root elongation in comparison to the non-fermented SSF-2. This study demonstrated that digestate, mixed with agro-food waste, was able to support the cultivation of Trichoderma spp., paving the way to the valorization of fermented digestate as a proper biofertilizer.

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Changes in Nutrients, Energy, Antioxidant and Carotenoid Levels of Dried Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Pomage Treated with Aspergillus niger Solid-State Fermentation

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i4.701-708.4014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 701-708

Author(s):

Kerim Demirgül ◽

Ergin Ozturk

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Value Added ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power

Tomato pomace (TP), utilized improperly is not namely causes a waste of valuable resources but also increases environmental pollution. In this study, possibilities improving nutrient composition by fermenting dry TP with Aspergillus niger was investigated for the value-added utilization of this pomace in animal feed. The TP, dried at 65°C for 8 hours with a simple layer and under a laminar airflow drying oven, was subjected to solid-state fermentation. After unfermented and fermented dry pomaces were milled in 2 mm sieve, proximate analysis and the analysis of cellulosic fractions were performed. Roughage quality indices were calculated using cellulosic fractions. Fermentation of TP with Aspergillus niger inoculant increased the amount of dry matter (82.98 vs 91.47%), crude fiber (21.71 vs 23.00%), neutral detergent fiber (29.70 vs 35.92%), acid detergent fiber (25.22 vs 26.84%), acid detergent lignin (7.91 vs 10.77%), hemicellulose (44.71 vs 90.78), crude protein (13.70 vs 21.37%), ether extract (2.82 vs 3.52%) and ash (10.57 vs 13.24%) compare to unfermented TP. Fermentation process decreased nitrogen-free extract (51.19 vs 38.86%), non-fiber carbohydrates (46.03 vs 29.47%) and quality index as relative feed value (216.9 vs 176.1) and relative forage quality (242.5 vs 195.5) and metabolizable energy (2.66 vs 2.60). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH free radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil) and total phenolic content of TP did not increase by fermentation. Concentration of β-carotene and lycopene of TP decreased after fermentation with A niger. The results indicate that the selected strains of A. niger can be used to enrich the chemical composition of TP, except for cellulosic fractions and also carotenoids and antioxidant activity.

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Fungal strain selection for protease production by solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial waste as substrates

Chemical Papers ◽

10.1007/s11696-019-00814-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (10) ◽

pp. 2603-2610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. Lizardi-Jiménez ◽

J. Ricardo-Díaz ◽

T. A. Quiñones-Muñoz ◽

F. Hernández-Rosas ◽

R. Hernández-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Fungal Strain ◽

Strain Selection ◽

Protease Production ◽

Selection For

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Assessment of Polysaccharide and Biomass Production from Three White-Rot Fungi by Solid-State Fermentation Using Wood and Agro-Industrial Residues: A Kinetic Approach

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11101055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1055

Author(s):

Óscar J. Sánchez ◽

Sandra Montoya

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Value Added ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

White Rot ◽

Industrial Residues ◽

Polysaccharide Production ◽

Value Added Products

Research Highlights: For the first time, a model was developed and applied for polysaccharide production from Trametes versicolor grown in agro-industrial and woody residues under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions. Background and Objectives: Fungal biomass is an important biological resource for biotechnological applications. Basidiomycetes fungi can be grown and developed on lignocellulosic materials such as forestry, wood, and agro-industrial residues in order to produce value-added products like bioactive polysaccharides. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the C/N ratio and copper concentration on biomass and polysaccharide production during solid state fermentation (SSF), as well as on the consumption of cellulose and hemicellulose, and lignin degradation, and to propose and validate a mathematical model to describe the overall SSF process. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out by growing three Basidiomycetes species (T. versicolor, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus) on twelve formulations of solid substrates using mixtures of different inexpensive lignocellulosic residues such as oak sawdust, coconut fiber (hairs), coffee husks, and corn bran plus soybean oil, calcium carbonate, and two levels of copper(II) sulfate. Results: The three fungal species grew well on all substrate formulations. The statistical analysis of experimental data showed no significant effects on polysaccharide production, in the range of C/N and copper concentrations evaluated. Taking into account that the best polysaccharide production was obtained with T. versicolor (96.09 mg/g solid substrate), a mathematical model was proposed for this fungus to describe the behavior of the fermentation system from the obtained data of all the resulting combinations to reach the highest polysaccharide production by the fungus. Conclusions: The mathematical model disclosed in this work enabled to describe the growth and development of a higher basidiomycete under solid-state fermentation conditions on lignocellulosic substrates as well as the production of value-added products like polysaccharides with medicinal properties.

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