Dietary Impacts on the Composition of Microbiota in Human Health and Disease

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

Download Full-text

Science for the Next Century: Deep Phenotyping

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345211001850 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002203452110018

Author(s):

J.T. Wright ◽

M.C. Herzberg

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Human Health ◽

Care Delivery ◽

The Past ◽

Large Populations ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Omic Data ◽

Precision Health ◽

Deep Phenotyping

Our ability to unravel the mysteries of human health and disease have changed dramatically over the past 2 decades. Decoding health and disease has been facilitated by the recent availability of high-throughput genomics and multi-omics analyses and the companion tools of advanced informatics and computational science. Understanding of the human genome and its influence on phenotype continues to advance through genotyping large populations and using “light phenotyping” approaches in combination with smaller subsets of the population being evaluated using “deep phenotyping” approaches. Using our capability to integrate and jointly analyze genomic data with other multi-omic data, the knowledge of genotype-phenotype relationships and associated genetic pathways and functions is being advanced. Understanding genotype-phenotype relationships that discriminate human health from disease is speculated to facilitate predictive, precision health care and change modes of health care delivery. The American Association for Dental Research Fall Focused Symposium assembled experts to discuss how studies of genotype-phenotype relationships are illuminating the pathophysiology of craniofacial diseases and developmental biology. Although the breadth of the topic did not allow all areas of dental, oral, and craniofacial research to be addressed (e.g., cancer), the importance and power of integrating genomic, phenomic, and other -omic data are illustrated using a variety of examples. The 8 Fall Focused talks presented different methodological approaches for ascertaining study populations and evaluating population variance and phenotyping approaches. These advances are reviewed in this summary.

Download Full-text

Vitamin C in Human Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1595

Author(s):

Dariusz Nowak

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Human Health ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Ancient Egypt ◽

Vitamin Supplement ◽

Vitamin C Deficiency ◽

Health And Disease

Although the symptoms related to vitamin C deficiency were known in ancient Egypt and eighteenth century Scottish surgeon James Lind found that scurvy (a disease resulting from insufficient dietary ingestion of vitamin C) could be effectively treated with citrus fruit, this vitamin was discovered only in the year 1912 and then after 21 years it was chemically synthetized and introduced to the market as the first vitamin supplement [...]

Download Full-text