Risk Stratification of Cases with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) Nuclear Features into Low-Risk, High-Risk (Suspicious for PTC), and Definitive Malignancy

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Kennichi Kakudo ◽  
Yaqiong Li ◽  
Yanhua Bai ◽  
Shinya Satoh
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Nuclear Features

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: How Radical Lymphadenectomy Should be Performed?

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Schweizer ◽  
Seifert ◽  
Gemsenjäger
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Sentinel Nodes ◽  
Fand Sich ◽  
Radical Lymphadenectomy ◽  
N Status

Fragestellung: Die Bedeutung von Lymphknotenbefall bei papillärem Schilddrüsenkarzinom und die optimale Lymphknotenchirurgie werden kontrovers beurteilt. Methodik: Retrospektive Langzeitstudie eines Operateurs (n = 159), prospektive Dokumentation, Nachkontrolle 1-27 (x = 8) Jahre, Untersuchung mit Bezug auf Lymphknotenbefall. Resultate: Staging. Bei 42 Patienten wurde wegen makroskopischem Lymphknotenbefall (cN1) eine therapeutische Lymphadenektomie durchgeführt, mit pN1 Status bei 41 (98%) Patienten. Unter 117 Patienten ohne Anhalt für Lymphknotenbefall (cN0) fand sich okkulter Befall bei 5/29 (17%) Patienten mit elektiver (prophylaktischer) Lymphadenektomie, und bei 2/88 (2.3%) Patienten ohne Lymphadenektomie (metachroner Befall) (p < 0.005). Lymphknotenrezidive traten (1-5 Jahre nach kurativer Primärtherapie) bei 5/42 (12%) pN1 und bei 3/114 (2.6%) cN0, pN0 Tumoren auf (p = 0009). Das 20-Jahres-Überleben war bei TNM I + II (low risk) Patienten 100%, d.h. unabhängig vom N Status; pN1 vs. pN0, cN0 beeinflusste das Überleben ungünstig bei high risk (>= 45-jährige) Patienten (50% vs. 86%; p = 0.03). Diskussion: Der makroskopische intraoperative Lymphknotenbefund (cN) hat Bedeutung: - Befall ist meistens richtig positiv (pN1) und erfordert eine ausreichend radikale, d.h. systematische, kompartiment-orientierte Lymphadenektomie (Mikrodissektion) zur Verhütung von - kurablem oder gefährlichem - Rezidiv. - Okkulter Befall bei unauffälligen Lymphknoten führt selten zum klinischen Rezidiv und beeinflusst das Überleben nicht. Wir empfehlen eine weniger radikale (sampling), nur zentrale prophylaktische Lymphadenektomie, ohne Risiko von chirurgischer Morbidität. Ein empfindlicherer Nachweis von okkultem Befund (Immunhistochemie, Schnellschnitt von sampling Gewebe oder sentinel nodes) erscheint nicht rational. Bei pN0, cN0 Befund kommen Verzicht auf 131I Prophylaxe und eine weniger intensive Nachsorge in Frage.

Dynamic risk stratification system in post-lobectomy low-risk and intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Won Cho ◽  
Yu-mi Lee ◽  
Yi Ho Lee ◽  
Suck Joon Hong ◽  
Jong Ho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
Risk Stratification System

High expression and localization of β-catenin and epidermal growth factor receptor identify high risk papillary thyroid carcinoma patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Išić Denčić ◽  
Aleksandar Bartolome ◽  
Sonja Šelemetjev ◽  
Ilona Đorić ◽  
Svetislav Tatić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Epidermal Growth

scholarly journals The oncogene BRAFV600E is associated with a high risk of recurrence and less differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma due to the impairment of Na+/I− targeting to the membrane

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Riesco-Eizaguirre ◽  
P Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
M A García-Cabezas ◽  
M Nistal ◽  
P Santisteban
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Genetic Event ◽  
Total Body

The oncogene BRAFV600E is the most frequent genetic event in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but its prognostic impact still remains to be elucidated. We evaluated a representative series of 67 individuals with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy. BRAF-positive tumours correlated with early recurrences (32% vs 7.6%; P=0.02) during a median postoperative follow-up period of 3 years. Interestingly, within the recurrences, a significant majority had negative radioiodine (131I) total body scans, predicting a poorer outcome as treatment with 131I is not effective. This last observation led us to investigate the role of BRAFV600E and the MEK-ERK pathway in thyroid dedifferentiation, particularly in Na+/I− symporter (NIS) impairment, as this thyroid-specific plasma membrane glycoprotein mediates active transport of I− into the thyroid follicular cells. A subset of 60 PTC samples was evaluated for NIS immunoreactivity and, accordingly, we confirmed a significant low NIS expression and impaired targeting to membranes in BRAF-positive samples (3.5% vs 30%; P=0.005). Furthermore, experiments with differentiated PCCl3 thyroid cells demonstrated that transient expression of BRAFV600E sharply impaired both NIS expression and targeting to membrane and, surprisingly, this impairment was not totally dependent on the MEK-ERK pathway. We have concluded that BRAFV600E is a new prognostic factor in PTC that correlates with a high risk of recurrences and less differentiated tumours due to the loss of NIS-mediated 131I uptake.

Tall cell percentage alone in PTC without aggressive features should not guide patients' clinical management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anello Marcello Poma ◽  
David Viola ◽  
Elisabetta Macerola ◽  
Agnese Proietti ◽  
Eleonora Molinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
American Thyroid Association ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Tall Cell ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Recent diagnostic criteria updates of the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCPTC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) have determined the inclusion of tumours with 30-49% of tall cells. However, the impact of tall cell percentage on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients’ prognosis is still debated. We aimed to evaluate whether tall cell percentage affects patients’ outcome in the absence of aggressive features. Methods Rates of aggressive features, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant RFS (DRFS) (5-year median follow-up) were compared among tumours with less than 30%, 30-49% and at least 50% of tall cells. We also evaluated the impact of the new tall cell cut-off on patient management. Results Overall, 3092 tumours (15.7% of all PTC) were collected: 792 PTC had less than 30%, 503 had 30-49%, and 1797 had 50% or more tall cell areas. With the new definition of WHO, the number of TCPTC increased by 28%. There were no differences in recurrence rates according to tall cell percentage. The coexistence of BRAF and TERT promoter mutations predicted a worse RFS. Considering the new definition of TCPTC, the level of risk according to the American Thyroid Association increased from low to intermediate in 4.2% of cases. However, the recurrence rate within this subgroup was comparable to low-risk. Conclusions TCPTC and PTC with tall cell areas can be considered as a unique group with similar recurrence risk. However, whenever aggressive features are absent, tumors have a low risk of recurrence independently of tall cell percentage.

scholarly journals Cytohistological Concordance of Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid and Its Variants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Nameera Saleem ◽  
Naval Kishore Bajaj ◽  
Ezhil Arasi Nagamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Nuclear Features

BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the thyroid gland. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, safe and economic procedure, and has a sensitivity approaching of 93.5 % and specificity close to 90 % for diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinomas. This study aims at correlating the cytological and histological diagnosis to arrive at the rate of concordance and discordance, identify variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on cytology and discuss the cytological mimics of PTC. METHODS Data from cases was collected over a period of three years (2015 - 2018). A descriptive study was done. Cases from Osmania General Hospital representing histologically proven cases of papillary carcinoma thyroid along with their corresponding cytological findings were analysed. Cytosmears were obtained from fine needle aspiration of thyroid lesions using a 26-gauge needle, stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Thyroidectomy specimens were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin, grossed and paraffin embedded. After processing, sections obtained by microtomy were stained with H & E for histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS The institute received a total of 258 thyroid specimens for histopathology and 686 cases for thyroid FNAC over a period of three years. This study includes 70 cases which had both cytology and histopathology correlation at our institution. 65 cases were diagnosed as PTC on histopathology and correct diagnosis was made on cytology with 73.8 % concordance (48 / 65 cases) and discordance was seen in 26.1 % (17 / 65 cases). 5 cases were misdiagnosed on cytology as PTC, and on histopathological examination were diagnosed as non-PTC. CONCLUSIONS Fine needle aspiration shows variable accuracy for PTC, ranging from 65 % to 90 %. The architectural arrangement of cells in papillary fragments and presence of nuclear features in majority of cells is diagnostic of the conventional variant of PTC. The other variants however, pose a diagnostic dilemma on account of their architectural variation, altered cytomorphology and the scant presence of nuclear features. An increase in the awareness of cytomorphology of variants and also of the mimics of PTC helps improve the diagnostic accuracy on FNAC. KEYWORDS Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Variants of PTC, Cytohistopathological Correlation

scholarly journals Effect of Implementing the New Diagnostic Criteria for Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features in King Abdulaziz University Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Fatimah A. Alturkistani ◽  
Murad A. Alturkustani
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasm ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
Nuclear Features

Pathological diagnosis of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma has high inter and intra-observer variability among expert pathologists, aff ecting prognosis and management of the disease. A recent study applying strict diagnostic criteria and long-term follow up confi rmed the indolent behavior of a subtype of these tumors. They recommended a nomenclature change to noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, refl ecting the low risk of adverse outcomes. We searched the pathology archives of King Abdulaziz University Hospital from 2002-2016 for all cases diagnosed with “follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma”. Clinical data, and imaging fi ndings were retrospectively reviewed. Available pathologyslides were reviewed using the proposed inclusion and exclusion diagnostic criteria. We confi rmed the diagnostic reproducibility of the suggested criteria. Ten out of 37 cases met the diagnostic criteria. Eightadditional patients could have had their diagnosis modifi ed if sufficient tissue samples were available. Follow up data confi rmed the indolent behavior in these cases with no recurrence or adverse outcome. We concluded that application of the new diagnostic criteria for this subtype is reasonable and has major ramifi cations for the diagnosis and management as this will spare unnecessary thyroidectomies, radioactive iodine therapy, and their complications.

scholarly journals Microcalcifications without a thyroid nodule as the sole sign of papillary thyroid carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatina Ioakim ◽  
Vasilis Constantinides ◽  
Meropi Toumba ◽  
Theodoros Lyssiotis ◽  
Angelos Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Resected Tissue ◽  
Current Guidelines

Summary Our objective is to demonstrate the importance of considering microcalcifications even without evidence of nodules as a potential sign of malignancy. Current guidelines, such as those of the British Thyroid Association, acknowledge the clinical significance of microcalcifications only when found within nodules. In this case, they are considered a suspicious feature, classifying the nodules as U5 (i.e. high risk) where fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is warranted, following the high likelihood of cancer in these nodules. In addition, there is a dearth of evidence of ultrasound scan (USS) detection of microcalcifications in the thyroid gland outside of nodules, along with their associated clinical implications. Yet, this clinical manifestation is not so infrequent considering that we do encounter patients in the clinic showing these findings upon ultrasound examination. Three patients who presented to our clinic with thyroid-related symptoms were shown to have areas of microcalcifications without a nodule upon sonographic evaluation of their thyroid gland. These incidentally detected hyperechoic foci were later confirmed to correspond to areas of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on histopathological examination of resected tissue following thyroidectomy. Four more cases were identified with sonographic evidence of microcalcifications without nodules and given their clinical and other sonographic characteristics were managed with active surveillance instead. Learning points Echogenic foci known as microcalcifications may be visible without apparent association to nodular structures. Microcalcifications without nodules may not be an infrequent finding. Microcalcifications are frequently indicative of malignancy within the thyroid gland even without a clearly delineated nodule. Empirically, the usual guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules can be applied to the management of microcalcifications not confined to a nodule, but such a finding per se should be classified as a ‘high-risk’ sign.

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