External Modulation Using MZM for Visible Wavelengths

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Poonam Devi ◽  
Ravi Kumar Maddila
Keyword(s):  
External Modulation ◽  
Visible Wavelengths

Detection and Characterization of earth-like Planets

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marie Mariotti ◽  
Alain Léger ◽  
Bertrand Mennesson ◽  
Marc Ollivier
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Angular Size ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Semi Major Axis ◽  
Earth Like Planets ◽  
Visible Wavelengths

AbstractIndirect methods of detection of exo-planets (by radial velocity, astrometry, occultations,...) have revealed recently the first cases of exo-planets, and will in the near future expand our knowledge of these systems. They will provide statistical informations on the dynamical parameters: semi-major axis, eccentricities, inclinations,... But the physical nature of these planets will remain mostly unknown. Only for the larger ones (exo-Jupiters), an estimate of the mass will be accessible. To characterize in more details Earth-like exo-planets, direct detection (i.e., direct observation of photons from the planet) is required. This is a much more challenging observational program. The exo-planets are extremely faint with respect to their star: the contrast ratio is about 10−10at visible wavelengths. Also the angular size of the apparent orbit is small, typically 0.1 second of arc. While the first point calls for observations in the infrared (where the contrast goes up to 10−7) and with a coronograph, the latter implies using an interferometer. Several space projects combining these techniques have been recently proposed. They aim at surveying a few hundreds of nearby single solar-like stars in search for Earth-like planets, and at performing a low resolution spectroscopic analysis of their infrared emission in order to reveal the presence in the atmosphere of the planet of CO H2O and O3. The latter is a good tracer of the presence of oxygen which could be, like on our Earth, released by biological activity. Although extremely ambitious, these projects could be realized using space technology either already available or in development for others missions. They could be built and launched during the first decades on the next century.

External modulation of the sustained attention network in traumatic brain injury.

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine M. Richard ◽  
Charlene O'Connor ◽  
Ayan Dey ◽  
Ian H. Robertson ◽  
Brian Levine
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
External Modulation

scholarly journals The need for a multi-purpose, optical–NIR space facility after HST and JWST

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knud Jahnke ◽  
Oliver Krause ◽  
Hans-Walter Rix ◽  
Frédéric Courbin ◽  
Adriano Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
List Type ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Visible Wavelengths

AbstractIn the early 2030s, after the end of operations for the epochal Hubble Space Telescope and the long-anticipated James Webb Space Telescope, astrophysics will lose access to a general purpose high-spatial resolution space observatory to cover the UV–optical–NIR wavelength range with a variety of imaging bandpasses and high-multiplexing mid-resolution spectroscopy. This will greatly impact astrophysical “discovery space” at visible wavelengths, in stark contrast to progress at most other wavelengths enabled by groundbreaking new facilities between 2010 and 2030. This capability gap will foreseeably limit progress in a number of fundamental research directions anticipated to be pressing in the 2030’s and beyond such as: What are the histories of star formation and cosmic element production in nearby galaxies? What can we learn about the nature of dark matter from dwarf galaxies? What is the local value of the Hubble Constant? A multi-purpose optical–NIR imaging and multiplexed spectroscopy Workhorse Camera (HWC) onboard NASA’s 4m-class Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) space mission would provide access to these required data. HabEx is currently under study by NASA for the US Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020, and if selected would launch around 2035. Aside from its direct imaging of Earth-like exoplanets, it will have a general-observatory complement of instrumentation. The versatile Workhorse Camera will provide imaging and R$\sim $ ∼ 1000 spectroscopy from 370nm to 1800nm, diffraction-limited over the whole wavelength range, with simultaneous observations of the visible and NIR. Spectroscopic multiplexing will be achieved through microshutter arrays. All necessary HWC technology is already at Technology Readiness Level 5, hence technological risks are low. HWC has a rough-order-of-magnitude (ROM) cost of 300 M€, and could be European-funded within the cost envelope of an ESA S-class mission in the Voyage 2050 program, with matching funds by national funding agencies to construct HWC by a European instrument consortium. This White Paper is intended to put a European HabEx Workhorse Camera into ESA’s considerations. If ESA shares the wide interest and if HabEx were to be selected by NASA, there would be ample time to identify interested institutes for a European instrument consortium, including MPIA, to design, finance, and build the HabEx Workhorse Camera.

scholarly journals Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Group 6 Doped Anatase TiO2: A Theoretical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Petros-Panagis Filippatos ◽  
Nikolaos Kelaidis ◽  
Maria Vasilopoulou ◽  
Dimitris Davazoglou ◽  
Alexander Chroneos
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Type Conductivity ◽  
Electronic And Optical Properties ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Visible Wavelengths

Titania (TiO2) is a key material used as an electron transport in dye-sensitized and halide perovskite solar cells due to its intrinsic n-type conductivity, visible transparency, low-toxicity, and abundance. Moreover, it exhibits pronounced photocatalytic properties in the ultra-violet part of the solar spectrum. However, its wide bandgap (around 3.2 eV) reduces its photocatalytic activity in the visible wavelengths’ region and electron transport ability. One of the most efficient strategies to simultaneously decrease its bandgap value and increase its n-type conductivity is doping with appropriate elements. Here, we have investigated using the density functional theory (DFT), as well as the influence of chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and tungsten (W) doping on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of TiO2. We find that doping with group 6 elements positively impacts the above-mentioned properties and should be considered an appropriate method for photocatalystic applications. In addition to the pronounced reduction in the bandgap values, we also predict the formation of energy states inside the forbidden gap, in all the cases. These states are highly desirable for photocatalytic applications as they induce low energy transitions, thus increasing the oxide’s absorption within the visible. Still, they can be detrimental to solar cells’ performance, as they constitute trap sites for photogenerated charge carriers.

scholarly journals Lidar measurement of snow depth: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (215) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Deems ◽  
Thomas H. Painter ◽  
David C. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Snow Hydrology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Transfer Error ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Visible Wavelengths

AbstractLaser altimetry (lidar) is a remote-sensing technology that holds tremendous promise for mapping snow depth in snow hydrology and avalanche applications. Recently lidar has seen a dramatic widening of applications in the natural sciences, resulting in technological improvements and an increase in the availability of both airborne and ground-based sensors. Modern sensors allow mapping of vegetation heights and snow or ground surface elevations below forest canopies. Typical vertical accuracies for airborne datasets are decimeter-scale with order 1 m point spacings. Ground-based systems typically provide millimeter-scale range accuracy and sub-meter point spacing over 1 m to several kilometers. Many system parameters, such as scan angle, pulse rate and shot geometry relative to terrain gradients, require specification to achieve specific point coverage densities in forested and/or complex terrain. Additionally, snow has a significant volumetric scattering component, requiring different considerations for error estimation than for other Earth surface materials. We use published estimates of light penetration depth by wavelength to estimate radiative transfer error contributions. This paper presents a review of lidar mapping procedures and error sources, potential errors unique to snow surface remote sensing in the near-infrared and visible wavelengths, and recommendations for projects using lidar for snow-depth mapping.

Azobenzene liquid crystals for fast reversible optical switching and enhanced sensitivity for visible wavelengths

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uladzimir Hrozhyk ◽  
Svetlana Serak ◽  
Nelson Tabiryan ◽  
Diane M. Steeves ◽  
Landa Hoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Visible Wavelengths

AlAs/AlGaAs reflection modulator for visible wavelengths

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (15) ◽  
pp. 1270-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Egan ◽  
C. Jagadish ◽  
A. Clark ◽  
J.S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Visible Wavelengths
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