Bioheat Physics for Hyperthermia Therapy

Abstract Hyperthermia therapy is a promising therapy for liver cancer treatment that utilizes external electromagnetic waves to heat the tumor zone to preferentially kill or minimize cancer cells. Nevertheless, it’s a challenge to realize localized heating of the cancer tissue without harming the surrounding healthy tissue. This research proposes to utilize nanoparticles as microwave absorbers to enhance microwave imaging and achieve localized hyperthermia therapy. A realistic 3D abdomen model has been segmented using 3D Slicer segmentation software, and then the obtained segmented CAD model exported to Computer Simulation Technology (CST STUDIO) for applying the Finite Element Modeling (FEM). Next investigating both imaging and treatment capability. Finally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature distribution were computed without nanoparticles and with different types of nanoparticles such as gold (GNPs) and silver nanoparticles at frequency 915 MHz. By comparing the achived results, it was seen that Silver nanoparticles can make a great enhancement in raising the temperature. However, this result was unsatisfactory but, after adding gold nanoparticles the temperature exceed 42°C, at frequency 915 MHz which is achieving the hyperthermia treatment without harming the nearby healthy tissue, GNPs also can achieve a great enhancement in SAR result

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Lower Temperatures Exacerbate NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Promoting Monosodium Urate Crystallization, Causing Gout

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10081919 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1919

Author(s):

Huijeong Ahn ◽

Gilyoung Lee ◽

Geun-Shik Lee

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factor ◽

Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽

Inflammasome Activation ◽

Optimal Temperature ◽

Monosodium Urate ◽

Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽

Hyperthermia Therapy ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Msu Crystals

Gout is a recurrent and chronic form of arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Macrophages intake MSU crystals, the trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which leads to the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and results in the flaring of gout. The effects of temperature, an environmental factor for MSU crystallization, on IL-1β secretion have not been well studied. This study examined the effects of temperature on inflammasome activation. Specific triggers activated canonical inflammasomes (NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2) in murine macrophages at various temperatures (25, 33, 37, 39, and 42 °C). The maturation of IL-1β and caspase-1 was measured as an indicator for inflammasome activation. As expected, the optimal temperature of inflammasome activation was 37 °C. The MSU crystal-mediated activation of inflammasome increased at temperatures lower than 37 °C and decreased at higher temperatures. MSU crystals at lower temperatures enhanced IL-1β secretion via the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. A lower temperature promoted the formation of MSU crystals without changing phagocytosis. Overall, lower temperatures form more MSU crystals and enhance NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In light of these findings, it is possible that hyperthermia therapy may reduce gout flaring.

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Recent Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery for Melanoma Cancer Therapy: A Mini Review

Journal of Drug Delivery ◽

10.1155/2017/7275985 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sowmya Vishnubhakthula ◽

Ravinder Elupula ◽

Esteban F. Durán-Lara

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Main Role ◽

Melanoma Cancer ◽

Cancer Cell Death ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Hyperthermia Therapy ◽

Bioactive Agents ◽

Cancerous Cells ◽

Melanoma Therapy

The purpose of this study is to describe some of the latest advances in using hydrogels for cancer melanoma therapy. Hydrogel formulations of polymeric material from natural or synthetic sources combined with therapeutic agents have gained great attention in the recent years for treating various maladies. These formulations can be categorized according to the strategies that induce cancer cell death in melanoma. First of all, we should note that these formulations can only play a supporting role that releases bioactive agents against cancer cells rather than the main role. This strategy involves delivering the drug via transdermal pathways, resulting in the death of cancerous cells. Another strategy utilizes magnetic gel composites to combat melanoma via hyperthermia therapy. This review discusses both transdermal and hyperthermia therapies and the recent advances that have occurred in the field.

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On the in Vitro Hyperthermia of Magnetic Fluid in AC Magnetic Field

ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/mnhmt2009-18547 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Junfeng Jiang ◽

Ruoyu Hong ◽

Xiaohui Zhang ◽

Hongzhong Li

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Fluid ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia ◽

Ac Magnetic Field ◽

Hyperthermia Therapy ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

High Chemical Stability

Hyperthermia therapy for cancer has attracted much attention nowadays. The study on the heat transfer in the magnetic fluid and the tumor is crucial for the successful application of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). Water-based Fe3O4 magnetic fluid is expected to be a most appropriate candidate for MFH due to the good biocompatibility, high saturation magnetization, super-paramagnetization and high chemical stability. In this paper, we explore the heat generation and transfer in magnetic fluid which is placed under an AC magnetic field. It is found that the amplitude and the frequency of alternating magnetic field, particle size and volume fraction have a pronounce influence on maximum temperature of hyperthermia.

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