Mixture Design Using Low-Cost Adsorbent Materials for Decolourisation of Biomethanated Distillery Spent Wash in Continuous Packed Bed Column

2020 ◽  
pp. 607-621
Author(s):  
Ishwar Chandra ◽  
Anima Upadhyay ◽  
N. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash ◽  
Adsorbent Materials

scholarly journals Environmental Informatics and Soft Computing Paradigm: Processing of Cocos Nucifera Shell Derived Activated Carbon for Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash—A Solution to Environmental Issue

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Raut ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Saini ◽  
G. B. Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques

Soft computing techniques are very much needed to design the environmental related systems these days. Soft computing (SC) is a set of computational methods that attempt to determine satisfactory approximate solutions to find a model for real-world problems. Techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms can be used in solving complex environmental problems. Self-organizing feature map (SOFM) model is proposed in monitoring and collecting of the data that are real time and static datasets acquired through pollution monitoring sensors and stations in the distilleries. In the environmental monitoring systems the ultimate requirement is to establish controls for the sensor based data acquisition systems and needs interactive and dynamic reporting services. SOFM techniques are used for data analysis and processing. The processed data is used for control system which even feeds to the treatment systems. Cocos nucifera activated carbon commonly known as coconut shell activated carbon (CSC) was utilized for the treatment of distillery spent wash. Batch and column studies were done to investigate the kinetics and effect of operating parameter on the rate of adsorption. Since the quantum of spent water generated from the sugar industry allied distillery units is huge, this low cost adsorbent is found to be an attractive economic option. Equilibrium adsorption date was generated to plot Langmuir and Tempkin adsorption isotherm. The investigation reveals that though with lower adsorption capacities CSC seems to be technically feasible solution for treating sugar distillery spent. Efforts are made in this paper to build informatics for derived activated carbon for solving the problem of treatment of distillery spent wash. Capsule. Coconut shell derived activated carbon was synthesized, characterized, and successfully employed as a low cost adsorbent for treatment of distillery spent wash.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Distillery Spent Wash, a New Resource for Third-Generation Biodiesel Production

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Hoarau ◽  
Isabelle Grondin ◽  
Yanis Caro ◽  
Thomas Petit
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Cryptococcus Curvatus ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash

Industrial production of biodiesel from microbial catalysts requires large volume of low-cost feedstock for lipid production. Vinasse, also known as distillery spent wash (DSW), is a liquid waste produced in large amounts by ethanol distilleries. This effluent is particularly rich in organic matter, and may be considered as a potential resource for the production of fungal lipids. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of vinasse from a distillery located in Reunion Island for yeast and fungal growth, lipid production, and suitability for biodiesel requirements. Among the 28 different strains tested, we found that Aspergillus niger grown on pure vinasse allowed biomass production of up to 24.05 g/L (dry weight), whereas Aspergillus awamori produced the maximum amount of lipid, at 2.27 g/L. Nutrient removal and vinasse remediation were found to be the best for A. niger and Cryptococcus curvatus, reaching a maximum of 50% for nitrogen, and A. awamori showed 50% carbon removal. Lipids produced were principally composed of C16:0, C18:1 (n-9), and C18:2 (n-6), thus resembling the vegetal oil used in the biodiesel production. This work has shown that vinasse can support production of biomass and lipids from fungi and yeast suitable for energetic use and that its polluting charge can be significantly reduced through this process.

BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE CONCENTRATED DISTILLERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Golub ◽  
M. Potapova ◽  
M. Shinkarchuk ◽  
O. Kozlovets
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash

The paper deals with the waste disposal problem of the alcohol industry caused by the widespread use of alcohol as biofuels. In the technology for the production of alcohol from cereal crops, a distillery spent wash (DSW) is formed (per 1 dm3 of alcohol – 10–20 dm3 DSW), which refers to highly concentrated wastewater, the COD value reaches 40 g O2/dm3. Since the existing physical and chemical methods of its processing are not cost-effective, the researchers develop the processing technologies for its utilization, for example, an anaerobic digestion. Apart from the purification of highly concentrated wastewater, the advantage of this method is the production of biogas and highquality fertilizer. The problems of biotechnology for biogas production from the distillery spent wash are its high acidity–pH 3.7–5.0 (the optimum pH value for the methanogenesis process is 6.8–7.4) and low nitrogen content, the lack of which inhibits the development of the association of microorganisms. In order to solve these problems, additional raw materials of various origins (chemical compounds, spent anaerobic sludge, waste from livestock farms, etc.) are used. The purpose of this work is to determine the appropriate ratio of the fermentable mixture components: cosubstrate, distillery spent wash and wastewater of the plant for co-fermentation to produce an energy carrier (biogas) and effective wastewater treatment of the distillery. In order to ensure the optimal pH for methanogenesis, poultry manure has been used as a co-substrate. The co-fermentation process of DSW with manure has been carried out at dry matter ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 respectively. It is found that when the concentration of manure in the mixture is insufficient (DSW/manure – 1:1, 1:3), the pH value decreases during fermentation which negatively affects methane formation; when the concentration of manure in the mixture is increased (DSW/manure – 1:5, 1:7), the process is characterized by a high yield of biogas and methane content. The maximum output of biogas with a methane concentration of 70 ± 2% is observed at the ratio of components on a dry matter “wastewater: DSW: manure” – 0,2:1:7 respectively. The COD reduction reaches a 70% when using co-fermentation with the combination of components “wastewater: DSW: manure” (0,3:1:5) respectively.

Theoretical analysis of counter-current absorption of a poorly soluble gas based on the PDE-AD model

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Moravec ◽  
Vladimír Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Interfacial Transport ◽  
Gaseous Component ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Counter Current

Expression have been derived in the paper for all four possible transfer functions between the inlet and the outlet gas and liquid steams under the counter-current absorption of a poorly soluble gas in a packed bed column. The transfer functions have been derived for the axially dispersed model with stagnant zone in the liquid phase and the axially dispersed model for the gas phase with interfacial transport of a gaseous component (PDE - AD). calculations with practical values of parameters suggest that only two of these transfer functions are applicable for experimental data evaluation.

Analysis of observability of model parameters for physical absorption of poorly soluble gases in packed beds

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2639-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Moravec ◽  
Vladimír Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Interfacial Transport ◽  
Complex Arithmetic ◽  
Physical Absorption ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Phase Lags

Expressions have been derived for four possible transfer functions of a model of physical absorption of a poorly soluble gas in a packed bed column. The model has been based on axially dispersed flow of gas, plug flow of liquid through stagnant and dynamic regions and interfacial transport of the absorbed component. The obtained transfer functions have been transformed into the frequency domain and their amplitude ratios and phase lags have been evaluated using the complex arithmetic feature of the EC-1033 computer. Two of the derived transfer functions have been found directly applicable for processing of experimental data. Of the remaining two one is useable with the limitations to absorption on a shallow layer of packing, the other is entirely worthless for the case of poorly soluble gases.

An experimental dynamic method of investigation of counter-current absorption of oxygen in water in a packed bed column

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1715-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Moravec ◽  
Vladimír Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Oxygen Electrodes ◽  
Simultaneous Evaluation ◽  
Physical Absorption ◽  
On Line ◽  
Counter Current

An experimental method and technique are described in the paper of simultaneous detection of the transfer functions outlet-gas-stream-to-inlet-gas-stream and outlet-liquid-stream-to-inlet-gas-stream for the absorption of oxygen into water in a counter-current packed bed column. Both transfer functions were simultaneously monitored by means of three oxygen electrodes operating on the polarographic principle. The signals of these electrodes were processed in three steps to yield parameters of the model of physical absorption of gas. The first step was on-line evaluation of the Fourier coefficients of the principal harmonic component in all three monitored streams. The second step was the calculation of the frequency characteristics of both transfer functions while the third step yielded parameters of the model by optimization in the frequency domain. The method permits simultaneous evaluation of the parameters of the flow of both phases in the column and the interfacial transfer of oxygen.

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