Molecular identification of isolates from local microorganisms as potential biofertilizer

<p>Local microorganisms (MOL) are liquid fertilizers commonly used by farmers to help increase crop production. Beneficial microbes in MOL need to characterize their interactions and ability to produce growth drive compounds. The purpose of this research is to identify the superior microbial isolates from MOL made by farmers from Cibodas Lembang Bandung, Indonesia that can produce phytohormones as biofertilizers. The results of the microbial selection of MOL derived from three best microbes are 1A-2 NFB, 4A-1 NFB, and 4B-1 NFB with the ability to produce auxin, i.e., 19.41 ppm, 17.18 ppm, and 10.59 ppm, respectively. The compatibility test between the three isolates showed negative results so that it was possible to apply three microbes as a consortium. The results of a molecular identification with a 16S rRNA analysis indicate strain microbe 1A-2 NFB: <em>Bacillus cereus</em> (99.88% homology), 4A-1 NFB: <em>Bacillus cereus</em> (99.76% homology), and 4B-1 NFB: <em>Lysinibacillus</em> sp. (99.88% homology).</p>

Assessment of the stability of processed broiler chicken under storage

Meat is very nutritious and as such can easily be contaminated with microorganisms especially when stored under conditions where temperature cannot be controlled. This study was conducted to assess the storage stability of the processed meat type chicken. Differently processed chicken samples were carefully packaged in sterile high density polythene bags. The samples were stored at room temperature (25± 2 C), fridge temperature (4 C), and freezer temperature (-18 C) for 28 days. In each case, a detailed microbial analysis was carried out on the samples. The three treatment samples and the control were packaged separately according to the number of period they would be analyzed. Each of the treatment samples were withdrawn and analyzed for microbiological quality. Samples were taken at 7 days interval, namely, day 1, day 7, day 14, day 21, and day 28. The effect of storage period on microbiological status was also determined. The microbial isolates of meat stored under room temperature increased with increased storage period from day 14 through day 21 to day 28 (Day 14 = 71, Day 21 =81 and Day 28 =86 for smoked chicken; Day 14 = 72, Day 21 =81 and Day 28 =89 for oven dried chicken; Day 14 = 65, Day 21 = 77 and Day 28 =86 for fried chicken). While the isolates of meat stored under condition decreased with storage period from day 14 through day 21 to day 28 (Day 14 = 49, Day 21 = 42 and Day 28 = 21 for smoked chicken; Day 14 = 44, Day 21 = 35 and Day 28 = 20 for oven dried chicken; Day 14 = 44, Day 21 = 39 and Day 28 =27 for fried chicken). The meat stored under freezing condition did not only decrease from day 14 through day 21 to day 28, it also had the least number of isolates at day 28 of storage (Day 14 = 36, Day 21 = 25 and Day 28 = 20 for smoked chicken; Day 14 = 40, Day 21 = 25 and Day 28 = 20 for oven dried chicken; Day 14 = 46, Day 21 = 31 and Day 28 =17 for fried chicken). La viande est très nutritive et, en tant que telle, peut facilement être contaminée par des micro-organismes, en particulier lorsqu'elle est stockée dans des conditions où la température ne peut pas être contrôlée. Cette étude a été menée pour évaluer la stabilité au stockage du poulet de type viande transformée. Des échantillons de poulet traités différemment ont été soigneusement emballés dans des sacs stériles en polyéthylène haute densité. Les échantillons ont été conservés à température ambiante (25±2oC), au réfrigérateur (4oC) et au congélateur (-18oC) pendant 28 jours. Dans chaque cas, une analyse microbienne détaillée a été réalisée sur les échantillons. Les trois échantillons de traitement et le contrôle ont été emballés séparément selon le nombre de période où ils seraient analysés. Chacun des échantillons de traitement a été prélevé et analysé pour la qualité microbiologique. Des échantillons ont été prélevés à 7 jours d'intervalle, à savoir le jour 1, le jour 7, le jour 14, le jour 21 et le jour 28. L'effet de la période de stockage sur l'état microbiologique a également été déterminé. Les isolats microbiens de viande conservée à température ambiante ont augmenté avec l'augmentation de la période de stockage du jour 14 au jour 21 jusqu'au jour 28 (jour 14 = 71, jour 21 = 81 et jour 28 = 86 pour le poulet fumé ; jour 14 = 72, jour 21 = 81 et Jour 28 = 89 pour le poulet séché au four ; Jour 14 = 65, Jour 21 = 77 et Jour 28 = 86 pour le poulet frit). Alors que les isolats de viande conservés dans des conditions ont diminué avec la période de stockage du jour 14 au jour 21 jusqu'au jour 28 (jour 14 = 49, jour 21 = 42 et jour 28 = 21 pour le poulet fumé ; jour 14 = 44, jour 21 = 35 et Jour 28 = 20 pour le poulet séché au four; Jour 14 = 44, Jour 21 = 39 et Jour 28 = 27 pour le poulet frit). La viande stockée dans des conditions de congélation n'a pas seulement diminué du jour 14 au jour 21 jusqu'au jour 28, elle avait également le moins d'isolats au jour 28 de stockage (jour 14 = 36, jour 21 = 25 et jour 28 = 20 pour poulet ; Jour 14 = 40, Jour 21 = 25 et Jour 28 = 20 pour le poulet séché au four ; Jour 14 = 46, Jour 21 = 31 et Jour 28 = 17 pour le poulet frit).

Isolation and selection of amylase-producing microbes isolated from ragi tape and cassava tape available on the markets

Amylase has an important role in biotechnology development and occupies an important position in the world enzyme market, as a biocatalyst in various industrial fields. This study has the goal to find microbial isolates that have the ability to produce amylase enzymes. The study was conducted in two stages, namely: 1) Isolation and selection of microbes that can produce amylase enzymes using starch as substrate, was incubated for 4-7 days at 30°C. Microbial isolates that can produce amylase enzymes are characterized by the presence of clear zones around the colony after the addition of an iodine solution of 1% in the overgrown media of microbes, 2) Test the activity of amylase enzymes using a dinitrosalicylic acid reagent test. The activity of the amylase enzyme is determined by measurement using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 540 nm. The sample used comprised of 7 types of ragi tape and 2 samples from cassava tape that has been fermented for 5-7 days. The results obtained in the first stage were 65 microbial isolates, 16 of which had clear zones, consisting of 7 isolates from ragi tape samples and 9 isolates from cassava tape samples. In the enzyme activity test, there are several isolates that have the potential to produce amylase enzymes, these include R5I4 (0.897 ± 0.018 U/mL), R2I5.1 (0.814 ± 0.011 U/mL), R5I3 (0.727 ± 0,042 U/mL) (derived from cassava ragi tape samples) and T2I2.2 (0.812 ± 0.013 U/mL), T2I6.1 (0.817 ± 0.010 U/mL), T2I2.1 (0.735 ± 0.023 U/mL), T1I4 (0.755 ± 0.020 U/mL) (derived from cassava tape samples). The isolate with the highest enzyme activity is the R5I4 which has the value enzyme activity of 0.897 ± 0.018 U/mL and with a fairly high or moderate category, while the lowest enzyme activity is the T1I1.1 isolate of 0.284 ± 0.020 U/mL.

Exploration of Antimicrobial Potency of Mangrove Symbiont Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria

Highlight ResearchAntimicrobial potential against the test microbesRhizhopora mucronata isolate showed 95% homology with Bacillus subtilis, and 97% homology with Bacillus oceanisediminis,Acanthus ilicifolius isolate showed 96% homology with Paracoccus caeni, and 89% homology with Bacillus circulans. The study found 4 isolates with antimicrobial potency against MDR pathogenic microbes.The symbiont microbes taken from Rhizophora mucronata and Acanthus ilicifolius were determined to be of the genus Bacillus and Paracoccus AbstractAntimicrobial property of mangrove symbiont have the ability to fight Multi Drug Resistant bacteria which were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio haryeyi. This study aimed to determine the potential of symbiont microbes from the root of Rhizopora mucronata and Acanthus iilicifolius as antimicrobial agents against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic microbes. This research was conducted during July to November 2020. The MDR bacteria were S. aureus, E. coli, and V. harveyi MDR test microbes. The symbiont microbes were identified through molecular analyses (PCR 16S rDNA). Isolation of symbiont microbes from R. mucronata resulted in 16 isolates, while isolation from A. iilicifolius resulted in 14 isolates. Based on the antimicrobial qualitative test against S. aureus, 8 out of 16 microbial isolates from R. mucronata were found to show antimicrobial properties. The testing of A. ilicifolius symbiont microbes against S. aureus showed 8 out of 14 isolates with antimicrobial properties. The test against E. coli resulted in 2 out of 16 microbial isolates from R. mucronata and 5 out of 14 isolates from A. ilicifolius with antimicrobial properties. The test against V. harveyi resulted in two out of 16 microbial isolates from R.mucronata and 4 out of 14 isolates from A. ilicifolius with antimicrobial properties. The quantitative test found 2 isolates from R. mucronta, namely isolates RM10 and RM12, with antimicrobial properties against MDR strain E. coli, with the best isolate being RM10, which produced 11.22 mm of inhibition zone diameter. Furthermore, the selection of isolates was based on the size of the inhibition zone, the clearness of the inhibition zone and the potential for antibacterial activity. Based on their overall antimicrobial potential against the test microbes, four isolates were selected. Molecular analyses of RM12 isolate showed 95% homology with Bacillus subtilis, of RM 10 isolate showed 97% homology with Bacillus oceanisediminis, of AC isolate showed 96% homology with Paracoccus caeni, and of AC 5 isolate showed 89% homology with Bacillus circulans. The study found four isolates with antimicrobial potency against MDR pathogenic microbes. The symbiont microbes taken from R. mucronata and A. ilicifolius were determined to be of the genus Bacillus and Paracoccus.