scholarly journals Sugarcane Distillery Spent Wash, a New Resource for Third-Generation Biodiesel Production

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Hoarau ◽  
Isabelle Grondin ◽  
Yanis Caro ◽  
Thomas Petit
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Cryptococcus Curvatus ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash

Industrial production of biodiesel from microbial catalysts requires large volume of low-cost feedstock for lipid production. Vinasse, also known as distillery spent wash (DSW), is a liquid waste produced in large amounts by ethanol distilleries. This effluent is particularly rich in organic matter, and may be considered as a potential resource for the production of fungal lipids. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of vinasse from a distillery located in Reunion Island for yeast and fungal growth, lipid production, and suitability for biodiesel requirements. Among the 28 different strains tested, we found that Aspergillus niger grown on pure vinasse allowed biomass production of up to 24.05 g/L (dry weight), whereas Aspergillus awamori produced the maximum amount of lipid, at 2.27 g/L. Nutrient removal and vinasse remediation were found to be the best for A. niger and Cryptococcus curvatus, reaching a maximum of 50% for nitrogen, and A. awamori showed 50% carbon removal. Lipids produced were principally composed of C16:0, C18:1 (n-9), and C18:2 (n-6), thus resembling the vegetal oil used in the biodiesel production. This work has shown that vinasse can support production of biomass and lipids from fungi and yeast suitable for energetic use and that its polluting charge can be significantly reduced through this process.

scholarly journals Consortium Growth of Filamentous Fungi and Microalgae: Evaluation of Different Cultivation Strategies to Optimize Cell Harvesting and Lipid Accumulation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3648
Author(s):  
Savienne M. F. E. Zorn ◽  
Cristiano E. R. Reis ◽  
Messias B. Silva ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Heizir F. De Castro
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Fourfold Increase

This study aims to evaluate the potential of consortium biomass formation between Mucor circinelloides, an oleaginous filamentous fungal species, and Chlorella vulgaris, in order to promote a straightforward approach to harvest microalgal cells and to evaluate the lipid production in the consortium system. A synthetic medium with glucose (2 g·L−1) and mineral nutrients essential for both fungi and algae was selected. Four different inoculation strategies were assessed, considering the effect of simultaneous vs. separate development of fungal spores and algae cells, and the presence of a supporting matrix aiming at the higher recovery of algae cell rates. The results were evaluated in terms of consortium biomass composition, demonstrating that the strategy using a mature fungal mycelium with a higher algae count may provide biomass samples with up to 79% of their dry weight as algae, still promoting recovery rates greater than 97%. The findings demonstrate a synergistic effect on the lipid accumulation by the fungal strain, at around a fourfold increase when compared to the axenic control, with values in the range of 23% of dry biomass weight. Furthermore, the fatty acid profile from the samples presents a balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that is likely to present an adequate balance for applications such as biodiesel production.

Overexpression of an Inulinase Gene in an Oleaginous Yeast, Aureobasidium melanogenum P10, for Efficient Lipid Production from Inulin

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Feng Li ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Zhong Hu ◽  
Guang-Lei Liu ◽  
Zhen-Ming Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Inulinase Gene ◽  
Inulinase Activity ◽  
Engineered Yeast

In this study, in order to directly and efficiently convert inulin into a single-cell oil (SCO), an <i>INU1</i> gene encoding inulinase from<b><i></i></b> <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> was integrated into the genomic DNA and actively expressed in an SCO producer <i>Aureobasidium</i> <i>melanogenum</i> P10. The transformant API41 obtained produced 28.5 U/mL of inulinase and its wild-type strain P10 yielded only 8.62 U/mL. Most (97.5%) of the inulinase produced by the transformant API41 was secreted into the culture. During a 10-L fermentation, 66.2% (w/w) lipid in the yeast cells of the transformant API41 and 14.38 g/L of cell dry weight were attained from inulin of 80.0 g/L within 120 h, high inulinase activity (23.7 U/mL) was also produced within 72 h, and the added inulin was actively hydrolyzed. This confirmed that the genetically engineered yeast of <i>A. melanogenum</i> P10 is suitable for direct production of lipids from inulin. The lipids produced could be used as feedstocks for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Distillery Spent Wash (DSW) as a Bio-Nutrient Supplement: A Win-Win Option for Sustainable Crop Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Aamer ◽  
Muhammad Umer Chattha ◽  
Tang Haiying ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Water Holding

Industrial pollution has been continuously soaring and causing serious threats to the soil, water, and air quality. The increase in industrialization has not only covered the large areas, but also created a large quantity of wastewater which is difficult to handle. The water produced from different industries is getting its place in the agriculture. However, the challenge is to properly use wastewater, so that the application of wastewater does not cause any soil and environmental problems. The distillery spent wash (DSW) is a liquid waste that is produced from the sugarcane industry. It contains a large load of both organic and inorganic substances. Also, DSW contains a sufficient amount of macronutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and Sulphur (S)) and micronutrients (zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn)), which in turn improves the growth and yield of crops. The optimized doses of DSW substantially improve soil enzymatic and microbial activities, organic carbon, nutrient uptake, soil porosity, water holding capacity, aggregate stability, and anti-oxidant activities, which in turn improve the photosynthetic efficiency, growth and yield. However, the inadequate knowledge about the DSW characteristics and methods of its agricultural application present questions concerning environmental quality for groundwater pollution. Therefore, to obtain a better understanding about the DWS, here, we discussed the effects of DSW on soil quality, crop yield, and its implications for agriculture and water quality.

scholarly journals Environmental Informatics and Soft Computing Paradigm: Processing of Cocos Nucifera Shell Derived Activated Carbon for Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash—A Solution to Environmental Issue

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Raut ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Saini ◽  
G. B. Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques

Soft computing techniques are very much needed to design the environmental related systems these days. Soft computing (SC) is a set of computational methods that attempt to determine satisfactory approximate solutions to find a model for real-world problems. Techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms can be used in solving complex environmental problems. Self-organizing feature map (SOFM) model is proposed in monitoring and collecting of the data that are real time and static datasets acquired through pollution monitoring sensors and stations in the distilleries. In the environmental monitoring systems the ultimate requirement is to establish controls for the sensor based data acquisition systems and needs interactive and dynamic reporting services. SOFM techniques are used for data analysis and processing. The processed data is used for control system which even feeds to the treatment systems. Cocos nucifera activated carbon commonly known as coconut shell activated carbon (CSC) was utilized for the treatment of distillery spent wash. Batch and column studies were done to investigate the kinetics and effect of operating parameter on the rate of adsorption. Since the quantum of spent water generated from the sugar industry allied distillery units is huge, this low cost adsorbent is found to be an attractive economic option. Equilibrium adsorption date was generated to plot Langmuir and Tempkin adsorption isotherm. The investigation reveals that though with lower adsorption capacities CSC seems to be technically feasible solution for treating sugar distillery spent. Efforts are made in this paper to build informatics for derived activated carbon for solving the problem of treatment of distillery spent wash. Capsule. Coconut shell derived activated carbon was synthesized, characterized, and successfully employed as a low cost adsorbent for treatment of distillery spent wash.

scholarly journals Strategies for Improvement of Lipid Production by Yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Marina Grubišić ◽  
Katarina Mihajlovski ◽  
Ana Marija Gruičić ◽  
Sunčica Beluhan ◽  
Božidar Santek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Lipid Yield

Microbial lipids have similar fatty acid composition to plant oils, and therefore, are considered as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. Oleaginous yeasts accumulate considerable amounts of lipids intracellularly during growth on low-cost renewable feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we cultivated yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus on hydrolysate of alkaline pretreated corn cobs. Different process configurations were evaluated and compared, including separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with cellulase recycle and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) in batch and fed-batch mode. At low enzyme loading, the highest lipid concentration of 26.74 g L−1 was reached in fed-batch SSF fed with 2.5% (g g−1) substrate. Batch SHF was conducted for four rounds with recycling the cellulase adsorbed on unhydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass. Thirty percent of cellulase saving was achieved for rounds 2–4 without compromising productivity and lipid yield. The addition of Tween 80 to lignocellulosic slurry improved the hydrolysis rate of structural carbohydrates in pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, supplementing the growth medium with Tween 80 improved lipid yield and productivity without affecting yeast growth. Oleaginous yeast T. oleaginosus is a promising strain for the sustainable and efficient production of lipids from renewable lignocellulosic feedstock.

scholarly journals Microalgae as Sustainable Renewable Energy Feedstock for Biofuel Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Reddy Medipally ◽  
Fatimah Md. Yusoff ◽  
Sanjoy Banerjee ◽  
M. Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Sustainable Renewable Energy

The world energy crisis and increased greenhouse gas emissions have driven the search for alternative and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. According to life cycle analysis, microalgae biofuel is identified as one of the major renewable energy sources for sustainable development, with potential to replace the fossil-based fuels. Microalgae biofuel was devoid of the major drawbacks associated with oil crops and lignocelluloses-based biofuels. Algae-based biofuels are technically and economically viable and cost competitive, require no additional lands, require minimal water use, and mitigate atmospheric CO2. However, commercial production of microalgae biodiesel is still not feasible due to the low biomass concentration and costly downstream processes. The viability of microalgae biodiesel production can be achieved by designing advanced photobioreactors, developing low cost technologies for biomass harvesting, drying, and oil extraction. Commercial production can also be accomplished by improving the genetic engineering strategies to control environmental stress conditions and by engineering metabolic pathways for high lipid production. In addition, new emerging technologies such as algal-bacterial interactions for enhancement of microalgae growth and lipid production are also explored. This review focuses mainly on the problems encountered in the commercial production of microalgae biofuels and the possible techniques to overcome these difficulties.

scholarly journals Utilization of Clarified Butter Sediment Waste as a Feedstock for Cost-Effective Production of Biodiesel

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Patel ◽  
Km Sartaj ◽  
Parul A. Pruthi ◽  
Vikas Pruthi ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Lipid

The rising demand and cost of fossil fuels (diesel and gasoline), together with the need for sustainable, alternative, and renewable energy sources have increased the interest for biomass-based fuels such as biodiesel. Among renewable sources of biofuels, biodiesel is particularly attractive as it can be used in conventional diesel engines without any modification. Oleaginous yeasts are excellent oil producers that can grow easily on various types of hydrophilic and hydrophobic waste streams that are used as feedstock for single cell oils and subsequently biodiesel production. In this study, cultivation of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae on a hydrophobic waste (clarified butter sediment waste medium (CBM)) resulted in considerably high lipid accumulation (70.74% w/w). Maximum cell dry weight and total lipid production were 15.52 g/L and 10.98 g/L, respectively, following cultivation in CBM for 144 h. Neutral lipids were found to accumulate in the lipid bodies of cells, as visualized by BODIPY staining and fluorescence microscopy. Cells grown in CBM showed large and dispersed lipid droplets in the intracellular compartment. The fatty acid profile of biodiesel obtained after transesterification was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while its quality was determined to comply with ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 international standards. Hence, clarified sediment waste can be exploited as a cost-effective renewable feedstock for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Screening of Industrial Wastewaters as Feedstock for the Microbial Production of Oils for Biodiesel Production and High-Quality Pigments

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Schneider ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger ◽  
William Todd French ◽  
Rafael Hernandez ◽  
Wilhelm Claupein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Carotenoid Production ◽  
Economic Constraints

The production of biodiesel has notably increased over the past decade. Currently, plant oil is the main feedstock for biodiesel production, but, due to concerns related to the competition with food production, alternative oil feedstocks have to be found. Oleaginous yeasts are known to produce high amounts of lipids, but no integrated process from microbial fermentation to final biodiesel production has reached commercial realization yet due to economic constraints. Therefore, growth and lipid production of red yeastRhodotorula glutiniswas tested on low-cost substrates, namely, wastewaters from potato, fruit juice, and lettuce processing. Additionally, the production of carotenoids as high-value by-products was examined. All evaluated wastewaters met the general criteria for microbial lipid production. However, no significant increase in lipid content was observed, probably due to lack of available carbon in wastewaters from fruit juice and lettuce processing, and excess of available nitrogen in potato processing wastewater, respectively. During growth on wastewaters from fruit juice and lettuce processing the carotenoid content increased significantly in the first 48 hours. The relations between carbon content, nitrogen content, and carotenoid production need to be further assessed. For economic viability, lipid and carotenoid production needs to be increased significantly. The screening of feedstocks should be extended to other wastewaters.

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