The Explore of Using Deep Learning Models for Fake News Classification

Pervasive usage and the development of social media networks have provided the platform for the fake news to spread fast among people. Fake news often misleads people and creates wrong society perceptions. The spread of low-quality news in social media has negatively affected individuals and society. In this study, we proposed an ensemble-based deep learning model to classify news as fake or real using LIAR dataset. Due to the nature of the dataset attributes, two deep learning models were used. For the textual attribute “statement,” Bi-LSTM-GRU-dense deep learning model was used, while for the remaining attributes, dense deep learning model was used. Experimental results showed that the proposed study achieved an accuracy of 0.898, recall of 0.916, precision of 0.913, and F-score of 0.914, respectively, using only statement attribute. Moreover, the outcome of the proposed models is remarkable when compared with that of the previous studies for fake news detection using LIAR dataset.

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Attention-Based Deep Learning Models for Detection of Fake News in Social Networks

International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence ◽

10.4018/ijcini.295809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 0-0

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Deception Detection ◽

Detection System ◽

Network Models ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Fake News ◽

Learning Models ◽

Neural Network Models ◽

Deep Learning Model

Automatic fake news detection is a challenging problem in deception detection. While evaluating the performance of deep learning-based models, if all the models are giving higher accuracy on a test dataset, it will make it harder to validate the performance of the deep learning models under consideration. So, we will need a complex problem to validate the performance of a deep learning model. LIAR is one such complex, much resent, labeled benchmark dataset which is publicly available for doing research on fake news detection to model statistical and machine learning approaches to combating fake news. In this work, a novel fake news detection system is implemented using Deep Neural Network models such as CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, and the performance of their attention mechanism is evaluated by analyzing their performance in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score with training, validation and test datasets of LIAR.

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An Optimized Hybrid Deep Learning Model to Detect COVID-19 Misleading Information

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience ◽

10.1155/2021/9615034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Bader Alouffi ◽

Abdullah Alharbi ◽

Radhya Sahal ◽

Hager Saleh

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Learning Model ◽

Dense Layer ◽

Fake News ◽

Learning Models ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Deep Learning Model ◽

Machine Learning Models

Fake news is challenging to detect due to mixing accurate and inaccurate information from reliable and unreliable sources. Social media is a data source that is not trustworthy all the time, especially in the COVID-19 outbreak. During the COVID-19 epidemic, fake news is widely spread. The best way to deal with this is early detection. Accordingly, in this work, we have proposed a hybrid deep learning model that uses convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to detect COVID-19 fake news. The proposed model consists of some layers: an embedding layer, a convolutional layer, a pooling layer, an LSTM layer, a flatten layer, a dense layer, and an output layer. For experimental results, three COVID-19 fake news datasets are used to evaluate six machine learning models, two deep learning models, and our proposed model. The machine learning models are DT, KNN, LR, RF, SVM, and NB, while the deep learning models are CNN and LSTM. Also, four matrices are used to validate the results: accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-measure. The conducted experiments show that the proposed model outperforms the six machine learning models and the two deep learning models. Consequently, the proposed system is capable of detecting the fake news of COVID-19 significantly.

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Efficiencies of Feature Engineering in the Machine Learning approach for Fake News Classification

10.20944/preprints202111.0024.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katrin Donetski

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Global Network ◽

Feature Engineering ◽

Learning Approach ◽

Fake News ◽

Learning Models ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Machine Learning Approach ◽

Classification Tasks

The rapid infiltration of fake news is a flaw to the otherwise valuable internet, a virtually global network that allows for the simultaneous exchange of information. While a common, and normally effective, approach to such classification tasks is designing a deep learning-based model, the subjectivity behind the writing and production of misleading news invalidates this technique. Deep learning models are unexplainable in nature, making the contextualization of results impossible because it lacks explicit features used in traditional machine learning. This paper emphasizes the need for feature engineering to effectively address this problem: containing the spread of fake news at the source, not after it has become globally prevalent. Insights from extracted features were used to manipulate the text, which was then tested on deep learning models. The original unknown yet substantial impact that the original features had on deep learning models was successfully depicted in this study.

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Levenshtein Augmentation Improves Performance of SMILES Based Deep-Learning Synthesis Prediction

10.26434/chemrxiv.12562121 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dean Sumner ◽

Jiazhen He ◽

Amol Thakkar ◽

Ola Engkvist ◽

Esben Jannik Bjerrum

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Pattern Recognition ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Recurrent Neural Networks ◽

Data Augmentation ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Learning Models ◽

Underlying Network

SMILES randomization, a form of data augmentation, has previously been shown to increase the performance of deep learning models compared to non-augmented baselines. Here, we propose a novel data augmentation method we call “Levenshtein augmentation” which considers local SMILES sub-sequence similarity between reactants and their respective products when creating training pairs. The performance of Levenshtein augmentation was tested using two state of the art models - transformer and sequence-to-sequence based recurrent neural networks with attention. Levenshtein augmentation demonstrated an increase performance over non-augmented, and conventionally SMILES randomization augmented data when used for training of baseline models. Furthermore, Levenshtein augmentation seemingly results in what we define as attentional gain – an enhancement in the pattern recognition capabilities of the underlying network to molecular motifs.

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Improving the Accuracy of Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction by Deep Learning Models: Benchmark and Model

10.26434/chemrxiv.9866912 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Rezaei ◽

Yanjun Li ◽

Xiaolin Li ◽

Chenglong Li

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Drug Design ◽

Binding Affinity ◽

Benchmark Dataset ◽

Rational Drug Design ◽

Learning Models ◽

Structure Based Drug Design ◽

Binding Affinity Prediction ◽

Affinity Prediction ◽

Rational Drug

Introduction: The ability to discriminate among ligands binding to the same protein target in terms of their relative binding affinity lies at the heart of structure-based drug design. Any improvement in the accuracy and reliability of binding affinity prediction methods decreases the discrepancy between experimental and computational results. Objectives: The primary objectives were to find the most relevant features affecting binding affinity prediction, least use of manual feature engineering, and improving the reliability of binding affinity prediction using efficient deep learning models by tuning the model hyperparameters. Methods: The binding site of target proteins was represented as a grid box around their bound ligand. Both binary and distance-dependent occupancies were examined for how an atom affects its neighbor voxels in this grid. A combination of different features including ANOLEA, ligand elements, and Arpeggio atom types were used to represent the input. An efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, DeepAtom, was developed, trained and tested on the PDBbind v2016 dataset. Additionally an extended benchmark dataset was compiled to train and evaluate the models. Results: The best DeepAtom model showed an improved accuracy in the binding affinity prediction on PDBbind core subset (Pearson’s R=0.83) and is better than the recent state-of-the-art models in this field. In addition when the DeepAtom model was trained on our proposed benchmark dataset, it yields higher correlation compared to the baseline which confirms the value of our model. Conclusions: The promising results for the predicted binding affinities is expected to pave the way for embedding deep learning models in virtual screening and rational drug design fields.

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Data science in economics: comprehensive review of advanced machine learning and deep learning methods

10.31232/osf.io/4pxq2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Saeed Nosratabadi ◽

Amir Mosavi ◽

Puhong Duan ◽

Pedram Ghamisi ◽

Ferdinand Filip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Data Science ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Science Methods ◽

Learning Models ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Hybrid Machine ◽

Economics Research

This paper provides a state-of-the-art investigation of advances in data science in emerging economic applications. The analysis was performed on novel data science methods in four individual classes of deep learning models, hybrid deep learning models, hybrid machine learning, and ensemble models. Application domains include a wide and diverse range of economics research from the stock market, marketing, and e-commerce to corporate banking and cryptocurrency. Prisma method, a systematic literature review methodology, was used to ensure the quality of the survey. The findings reveal that the trends follow the advancement of hybrid models, which, based on the accuracy metric, outperform other learning algorithms. It is further expected that the trends will converge toward the advancements of sophisticated hybrid deep learning models.

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A Study on the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease Images Based on Multiple Dimensional Deep Learning Algorithms

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405615666190115155223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 199-205

Author(s):

Yuejun Liu ◽

Yifei Xu ◽

Xiangzheng Meng ◽

Xuguang Wang ◽

Tianxu Bai

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Learning Algorithms ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Classification Performance ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Great Success ◽

Learning Models ◽

Good Classification Performance ◽

Spect Images

Background: Medical imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases. In the field of machine learning, multiple dimensional deep learning algorithms are widely used in image classification and recognition, and have achieved great success. Objective: The method based on multiple dimensional deep learning is employed for the auxiliary diagnosis of thyroid diseases based on SPECT images. The performances of different deep learning models are evaluated and compared. Methods: Thyroid SPECT images are collected with three types, they are hyperthyroidism, normal and hypothyroidism. In the pre-processing, the region of interest of thyroid is segmented and the amount of data sample is expanded. Four CNN models, including CNN, Inception, VGG16 and RNN, are used to evaluate deep learning methods. Results: Deep learning based methods have good classification performance, the accuracy is 92.9%-96.2%, AUC is 97.8%-99.6%. VGG16 model has the best performance, the accuracy is 96.2% and AUC is 99.6%. Especially, the VGG16 model with a changing learning rate works best. Conclusion: The standard CNN, Inception, VGG16, and RNN four deep learning models are efficient for the classification of thyroid diseases with SPECT images. The accuracy of the assisted diagnostic method based on deep learning is higher than that of other methods reported in the literature.

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