Polluted Coastal and Estuarine Environments: A Potential Reservoir for AMR Determinants in Various Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-134
Author(s):  
A. A. Mohamed Hatha ◽  
Puthenkandathil Sukumaran Divya ◽  
Silvester Reshma ◽  
John Nifty
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Potential Reservoir

Evaluation of enteromicroflora of common crane (Grus grus) as a potential reservoir of bacterial antimicrobial resistance

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľudmila Hamarová ◽  
Matej Repel ◽  
Peter Javorský ◽  
Peter Pristaš
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Grus Grus ◽  
Common Crane ◽  
The Common

AbstractMigratory birds could be important vectors of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance transmissions over long distances. The common crane (

Reservoirs of resistance: polymyxin resistance in veterinary-associated companion animal isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (7) ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Scott ◽  
Sian Pottenger ◽  
Dorina Timofte ◽  
Matthew Moore ◽  
Laura Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Animal Isolates

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of infections. Widespread resistance in human infections are increasing the use of last resort antimicrobials such as polymyxins. However, these have been used for decades in veterinary medicine. Companion animals are an understudied source of antimicrobial resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. This study evaluated the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa veterinary isolates to polymyxins to determine whether the veterinary niche represents a potential reservoir of resistance genes for pathogenic bacteria in both animals and humans.Methods and resultsClinical P. aeruginosa isolates (n=24) from UK companion animals were compared for antimicrobial susceptibility to a panel of human-associated isolates (n=37). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for polymyxin B and colistin in the companion animals was significantly higher than in human isolates (P=0.033 and P=0.013, respectively). Genotyping revealed that the veterinary isolates were spread throughout the P. aeruginosa population, with shared array types from human infections such as keratitis and respiratory infections, suggesting the potential for zoonotic transmission. Whole genome sequencing revealed mutations in genes associated with polymyxin resistance and other antimicrobial resistance-related genes.ConclusionThe high levels of resistance to polymyxin shown here, along with genetic similarities between some human and animal isolates, together suggest a need for sustained surveillance of this veterinary niche as a potential reservoir for resistant, clinically relevant bacteria in both animals and humans.

scholarly journals Diversity and genetic lineages of environmental staphylococci: a surface water overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Manuela Caniça ◽  
José L Capelo ◽  
Gilberto Igrejas ◽  
Patrícia Poeta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
High Diversity

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance in the environmental dimension is one of the greatest challenges and emerging threats. The presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment, especially in aquatic systems, has been a matter of growing concern in the past decade. Monitoring the presence of antimicrobial resistance species, in this particular case, Staphylococcus spp., in natural water environments could lead to a better understanding of the epidemiology of staphylococci infections. Thus, the investigation of natural waters as a potential reservoir and vehicle for transmission of these bacteria is imperative. Only a few studies have investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of staphylococci in natural waters. Those studies reported a high diversity of staphylococci species and lineages in surface waters. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus were relatively prevalent in surface waters and, as expected, often presented a multidrug-resistant profile. There was a high diversity of S. aureus lineages in surface waters. The presence of S. aureus CC8 and CC5 suggests a human origin. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci, the most frequently found in natural waters was S. warneri and S. epidermidis. These studies are extremely important to estimate the contribution of the aquatic environment in the spread of pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Security Swipe Cards and Scanners are a Potential Reservoir for Hospital-Acquired Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Sultan ◽  
A Alm ◽  
A Hindmarsh ◽  
RA Greatorex
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Acquired

INTRODUCTION Hospital-acquired infections complicate 10% of hospital admissions resulting in increased morbidity, mortality and cost to hospitals. Most hospitals issue doctors with plastic swipe cards that function as electronic keys to access clinical areas. The card is handled many times a day, often before direct patient contact. The aim of this study was to determine if swipe cards harbour potentially harmful bacteria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS On a single day, doctors working in the surgical directorate completed a questionnaire to determine their pattern of swipe card use. Cards were inoculated onto agar plates and incubated for 48 h under standard laboratory conditions, following which the number of colony forming units (CFUs) cultured from each card was determined. Representative colonies were sampled and sub-cultured for staphlococcal, enterococcal, coliform and pseudomonad species. Isolated bacterial pathogens were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity. Swipe-card scanners were swabbed for microbiological culture on the same day. RESULTS All cards were colonised with environmental bacteria (mean, 73 CFU). Of cards, 21% were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (5.1%), Pseudomonas putida (2.6%), and coliform species (12.8%). The pattern of card use did not significantly affect the amount of bacterial contamination, but infrequent use of the card and keeping the card in a pocket or wallet was associated with higher levels of contamination. Environmental bacteria were cultured from 88% of card scanners, the highest counts coming from scanners in main theatres and the day-surgery unit. CONCLUSIONS Doctors' swipe cards are contaminated with, and may therefore be a reservoir for, pathogenic bacteria implicated in hospital-acquired infection.

scholarly journals Gorilla gorilla gorilla gut: a potential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria as revealed using culturomics and molecular tools

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Bittar ◽  
Mamadou B. Keita ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lagier ◽  
Martine Peeters ◽  
Eric Delaporte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Potential Reservoir

scholarly journals The role of mobile communication devices in the spread of infections within a clinical setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia Corrin ◽  
Joanne Lin ◽  
Catherine MacNaughton ◽  
Sarah Mahato ◽  
Aarabhi Rajendiran
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Risk Areas

Mobile communication devices (MCDs) are routinely used in clinical settings. Bacterial contamination of MCDs is a growing concern as they can serve as a potential reservoir for infectious diseases. Recent studies have found that between 9% and 15% of MCDs carry pathogenic bacteria. To reduce contamination, recommendations are to practice good hand hygiene, restrict MCDs in high-risk areas, and sanitize MCDs using 70% isopropyl alcohol.

scholarly journals A preliminary assessment of bacteria in “ranched” ball pythons (Python regius), Togo, West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D'Cruze ◽  
Jodie Bates ◽  
Délagnon Assou ◽  
Delphine Ronfot ◽  
Emma Coulthard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Python Regius ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Free Ranging

Captive reptiles are routinely identified as reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria and reports of reptile-associated infections relating to some species are well documented (e.g., salmonellosis). Currently, relatively little is known about the epidemiology and bacteria of ball pythons. We carried out a survey of ball python farms in Togo, West Africa to assess the presence of any potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa that have been identified in recent scientific literature relating to this species. The presence of bacteria belonging to the genera Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Lysobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Tsukamurella in oral and cloacal samples taken from five individual ball pythons is of potential concern for horizontal transmission given that pathogenic species belonging to these genera have been previously documented. The presence of bacteria belonging to the genera Clostridium, Escherichia, Moraxella, and Stenotrophomonas in the oral and rectal samples taken from five mice used to feed ball pythons suggests that they represent a potential reservoir of infection for wild caught ball pythons and their progeny. Furthermore, possible sources of environmental contamination include other captive amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals, as well as free ranging birds and small mammals. Additional surveillance of ball pythons in the wild and in captivity at python farms in West Africa will shed light on whether or not this type of commercial activity is increasing pathogen exposure and lowering barriers to transmission. Meanwhile, as a precautionary measure, it is recommended that python farms should immediately establish biosecurity and disease surveillance practices to minimize potential horizontal and vertical bacterial transfer.

Probiotic Displaces Pathogenic Bacteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
ERIK GOLDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria

Iron and Malaria: Absorption, Efficacy and Safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (45) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Women And Children

Febrile malaria and asymptomatic malaria parasitemia substantially decrease iron absorption in single-meal, stable isotope studies in women and children, but to date there is no evidence of decreased efficacy of iron-fortified foods in malaria-endemic regions. Without inadequate malarial surveillance or health care, giving iron supplements to children in areas of high transmission could increase morbidity and mortality. The most likely explanation is the appearance of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in the plasma. NTBI forms when the rate of iron influx into the plasma exceeds the rate of iron binding to transferrin. Two studies in women have reported substantially increased NTBI with the ingestion of iron supplements. Our studies confirm this, but found no significant increase in NTBI on consumption of iron-fortified food. It seems likely that the malarial parasite in hepatocytes can utilize NTBI, but it cannot do so in infected erythrocytes. NTBI however may increase the sequestration of parasite-infected erythrocytes in capillaries. Bacteremia is common in children with severe malaria and sequestration in villi capillaries could lead to a breaching of the intestinal barrier, allowing the passage of pathogenic bacteria into the systemic circulation. This is especially important as frequent high iron doses increase the number of pathogens in the intestine at the expense of the barrier bacteria.

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