scholarly journals Target-Setting Emissions Trading Program in Saitama Prefecture: Impact on CO2 Emissions in the First Compliance Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Mitsutsugu Hamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Trading Program

Abstract This chapter investigates whether the Target-Setting Emissions Trading (TSET) Program launched in 2011 by Saitama Prefecture in Japan had an impact on CO2 emissions during the first compliance period. Facility-level data are used to estimate the causal relationship between implementation of the program and changes in CO2 emissions. The results indicate that the TSET Program spurred emission reduction efforts. In addition, this chapter shows that the TSET Program also functioned as an incentive for facilities that are not covered by the program to lower their energy consumption. These findings indicate that the TSET Program succeeded in encouraging emission reduction efforts by the facilities, even though the program includes no penalty for facilities that do not meet emission goals.

scholarly journals Pulp and Paper Industry: Decarbonisation Technology Assessment to Reach CO2 Neutral Emissions—An Austrian Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Maedeh Rahnama Mobarakeh ◽  
Miguel Santos Silva ◽  
Thomas Kienberger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction

The pulp and paper (P&P) sector is a dynamic manufacturing industry and plays an essential role in the Austrian economy. However, the sector, which consumes about 20 TWh of final energy, is responsible for 7% of Austria’s industrial CO2 emissions. This study, intending to assess the potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in the Austrian context in the P&P sector, uses a bottom-up approach model. The model is applied to analyze the energy consumption (heat and electricity) and CO2 emissions in the main processes, related to the P&P production from virgin or recycled fibers. Afterward, technological options to reduce energy consumption and fossil CO2 emissions for P&P production are investigated, and various low-carbon technologies are applied to the model. For each of the selected technologies, the potential of emission reduction and energy savings up to 2050 is estimated. Finally, a series of low-carbon technology-based scenarios are developed and evaluated. These scenarios’ content is based on the improvement potential associated with the various processes of different paper grades. The results reveal that the investigated technologies applied in the production process (chemical pulping and paper drying) have a minor impact on CO2 emission reduction (maximum 10% due to applying an impulse dryer). In contrast, steam supply electrification, by replacing fossil fuel boilers with direct heat supply (such as commercial electric boilers or heat pumps), enables reducing emissions by up to 75%. This means that the goal of 100% CO2 emission reduction by 2050 cannot be reached with one method alone. Consequently, a combination of technologies, particularly with the electrification of the steam supply, along with the use of carbon-free electricity generated by renewable energy, appears to be essential.

scholarly journals Exploring Potential Pathways toward Energy-Related Carbon Emission Reduction in Heavy Industrial Regions of China: An Input–Output Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyao Peng ◽  
Yidi Sun ◽  
Junnian Song ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Co2 Emission Intensity

It is a very urgent issue to reduce energy-related carbon emissions in China. The three northeastern provinces (Heilongjiang (HLJ), Jilin (JL), and Liaoning (LN)) are typical heavy industrial regions in China, playing an important role in the national carbon emission reduction target. In this study, we analyzed the energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and CO2 emission intensity of each sector in the three regions, and we compared them with the national level and those of China’s most developed province Guangdong (GD). Then, based on an input–output (I–O) framework, linkage analysis of production and CO2 emission from sector–system and sector–sector dimensions was conducted. The results showed that the three regions accounted for about 1/10 of China’s energy consumption and 1/6 of China’s CO2 emissions in 2012. In addition, the level of energy structure, CO2 emission intensity, and sectoral structure lagged behind China’s average level, much lower than those for GD. According to the sectoral characteristics of each region and unified backward/forward linkages of production and CO2 emissions, we divided sectoral clusters into those whose development was to be encouraged and those whose development was to be restricted. The results of this paper could provide policy–makers with reference to exploring potential pathways toward energy-related carbon emission reduction in heavy industrial regions.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth: evidence for OECD selected countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Samia Gmidene ◽  
Saida Zaidi ◽  
Sonia Zouari Ghorbel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship among renewable energy, nuclear energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions for selected OECD countries over the period 1980 to 2013. All variables are found to be cointgrated.Results of Granger causality show long-run relationship from GDP, renewable energy consumption and nuclear energy consumption to CO2 emissions, from CO2 emissions, GDP, to renewable energy consumption, from emissions, GDP to renewable energy, and from CO2 emissions GDP and nuclear energy consumption.In short run, results show that there exists bidirectional causality between GDP and CO2 emissions, and unidirectional causality running from renewable energy consumption to GDP. Also unidirectional causality running from renewable energy consumption to CO2 emissions without feedback but no causality running from nuclear energy consumption to CO2 emissions was found. This evidence suggests that renewable energy can help to mitigate CO2 emissions, but so far, nuclear energy consumption has not reached a level where it can CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Collaborative Allocation of Energy Consumption, Air Pollutants and CO2 Emissions in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9443
Author(s):  
Jiekun Song ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Allocation Scheme ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Initial Allocation

Energy consumption is an important source of the emissions of CO2 and air pollutants such as SO2 and NOX. Reducing energy consumption can realize the simultaneous reduction of air pollutants and CO2 emissions to a certain extent. This study examines the collaborative allocation of energy consumption and the emissions of SO2, NOX and CO2 in China. In contrast to previous studies, this paper proposes an improved centralized DEA model that takes into account the correlation between energy consumption and air environmental emissions, the economic development demand and the energy resource endowment of different provinces. The initial allocation scheme is obtained based on the principle of equity. Then, the initial allocation results are brought into the improved centralized DEA model to maximize the expected output. The empirical analysis of projected data for 2025 shows that the looser the restrictions of energy consumption, the greater the optimal economic output. When the energy consumption of each province is allowed to fluctuate within the range of 85% to 115% of the initial quota, the total GDP is the largest and 20.62% higher than the initial GDP. The optimal allocation scheme is more equitable than the initial scheme and realizes absolute interpersonal equity and economic equity. Eighteen provinces bear the pressures of energy saving, emission reduction or GDP growth, with average pressure indexes of 11.46%, 16.85% and 40.62%, respectively. The pressures on the major regions involved in the “Belt and Road”, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Yangtze River Economic Belt national strategies will thus be reduced significantly; the maximum pressures on energy saving, emission reduction and GDP growth are 10.03%, 12.17% and 29.84%, respectively. China can take a series of measures to promote regional coordinated development and improve the realization of optimal allocation schemes, including establishing unified resource asset trading platforms, improving the methods of regional cooperation, building effective transportation and logistics transport networks to weaken the barriers among regions and implementing differentiated regional policies and regional interest coordination mechanisms.

Differences on the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Developed Countries and Newly Industrialized Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2415-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yu Tian Qin ◽  
Zhi Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Phase Step ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries

Based on the statistics of the energy consumption and economic growth of the OECD countries and BRICs from the year 1986 to the year 2009, this paper applied Panel Data Econometrics Method to process and analyze those statistics and found that(1) in the long term, the energy consumption and economic growth of OECD countries and BRICs don’t maintain a long-standing equilibrium relationship.(2) in the short term, OECD countries have a one-direction causal relationship from their economic growth to energy consumption while the BRICs have just the opposite, a one-direction of causal relationship from energy consumption to economic growth. The research founding indicates that developed countries represented by OECD should strictly implement policies concerning energy saving and emission reduction and shoulder duties of providing fund and technological aid;the emerging industrialized countries represented by the BRICs should implement policies concerning energy saving and emission reduction phase by phase,step by step and also assume the reasonable task of saving energy and reducing carbon dioxid

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Coach Stations in China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3600
Author(s):  
Xuejing Zheng ◽  
Boxiao Xu ◽  
Shijun You ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Yaran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Annual Total

As a critical transportation infrastructure, with a high flow of people and high-energy consumption in China, coach stations have great potential in energy saving and CO2 emission reduction. In this paper, the building information and energy consumption data of 29 coach stations in five climate regions of China were obtained by field investigations. The annual total comprehensive building energy consumption was 31.37–128.08 kWh/(m2·a). The annual total CO2 emissions from building operation in the coach stations was 17.01–134.77 kgCO2/(m2·a). The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system was the largest energy using and CO2 emissions sector: 30.42–72.47% of the energy consumption and 30.42–83.93% of the CO2 emissions were generated by HVAC system. The energy consumption and CO2 emission level of coach stations and that of other kinds of public buildings were compared. Results showed that the energy consumption and CO2 emission levels of coach stations investigated were relatively low, mainly because the passenger thermal comfort was scarified. Based on the investigation data, energy consumption analysis models of coach stations in five regions were established by simulation when the passenger thermal comfort was met. The potentials of energy saving and CO2 emission reduction were studied from forms of the HVAC system, heat recovery and natural illumination.

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