Human Material for Research: Eye Banking, Biobanking and Ethical Access

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Graeme A. Pollock ◽  
Christopher Hodge ◽  
Gerard Sutton ◽  
Heather M. Machin
Keyword(s):  
Eye Banking ◽  
Human Material

Respective Roles of Antithrombin III and Alpha 2 Macroglobulin in Thrombin Inactivation

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 051-054 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Fischer ◽  
J Tapon-Bretaudiere ◽  
A Bros ◽  
F Josso
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Cofactor Activity

SummaryIn order to investigate the mechanism of thrombin inactivation in the presence of both antithrombin III (AT III) and α 2-macroglobulin (α 2 M), thrombin and the inhibitors have been purified from human material and thrombin inactivation studied using purified reagents either alone or added to defibrinated plasma. Comparison of clotting and amidolytic activities of residual thrombin allowed to measure the amount of thrombin bound to α 2 M. In a purified reagent system as well as in plasma, part of exogenous thrombin is bound to α 2 M. The amount of bound thrombin is related to α 2 M concentration. Conversely, previous plasma α 2 M depletion by immunoabsorption increases the consumption of heparin-cofactor activity by exogenous thrombin. Thus AT III and α 2 M compete for thrombin inactivation. This finding could be of practical interest in clinical situations associating high plasma α 2 M levels and a decrease of AT III concentration.

The Stability of the WHO Reference Thromboplastin NIBS & C 67/40

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I C Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe International Reference Preparation of human brain thromboplastin coded 67/40 has been thought to show evidence of instability. The evidence is discussed and is not thought to be strong; but it is suggested that it would be wise to replace 67/40 with a new preparation of human brain, both for this reason and because 67/40 is in a form (like Thrombotest) in which few workers seem to use human brain. A �plain� preparation would be more appropriate; and a freeze-dried sample of BCT is recommended as the successor preparation. The opportunity should be taken also to replace the corresponding ox and rabbit preparations. In the collaborative study which would be required it would then be desirable to test in parallel the three old and the three new preparations. The relative sensitivities of the old preparations could be compared with those found in earlier studies to obtain further evidence on the stability of 67/40; if stability were confirmed, the new preparations should be calibrated against it, but if not, the new human material should receive a calibration constant of 1.0 and the new ox and rabbit materials calibrated against that.The types of evidence available for monitoring the long-term stability of a thromboplastin are discussed.

Concernment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen Strawson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Material Body ◽  
Human Material

This chapter examines John Locke's notion of concernment, which for him is more fundamental than the notion of responsibility when it comes to the question of personal identity. It begins with the argument that the being or extent of a subject of experience's personhood or personal identity is not simply identical with the being or extent of its field of responsibility, because the notion of a person is not an exclusively moral or forensic term, as it might be if it concerned only a set of actions. Instead, one's personhood or personal identity also comprises one's substantial constitution, that is, a whole human material body plus an immaterial soul. The chapter considers Locke's view that Concernment entails a capacity for pleasure and pain and shows that that the field of responsibility lies completely inside the field of consciousness, which in turn lies wholly inside the field of concernment.

scholarly journals Methodology for Assessing the Degree of Occupational Safety Specific to Hydrotechnical Construction Activities, in Order to Increase Their Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Gabriel Dragos Vasilescu ◽  
Codruț Dan Petrilean ◽  
Attila Kovacs ◽  
Gabriel Victor Vasilescu ◽  
Dragos Pasculescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Statistical Verification ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Verification Test ◽  
Risk Predictors

The effectiveness of the audit is conditioned by the systematic nature of the analyses and their periodicity. In this respect, the work of internal auditors must be coherent, continuous, and professional. These conditions can be met only if the activity is organized as a permanent system, which has its objectives and has resources (human, material, and financial), as well as adequate tools (audit method) corresponding to the activities carried out within the hydro-construction companies. The methodology for assessing the occupational safety status specific to companies in the field of hydrotechnical constructions was tested at the economic operators within SC HIDROCONSTRUCȚIA SA Bucharest. Thus, from the observation made based on the two calculation formulas’ application, it can be appreciated that the weighted amount more clearly and objectively reflects the existence of problems in achieving safety and health at work, thus constituting the result of a cautious approach, as opposed to the arithmetic mean formula, which leads to a result that tends to overestimate the value of the assessment. Additionally, the security risk determination in the field of occupational security at the economic operators was performed, according to the procedure of applying the method, based on the Gumbel probability function associated with insecurity, and the accuracy of various estimates on risk predictors was ensured by using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical verification test in order to determine the confidence interval of the forecast results.

scholarly journals Biology of the repair of central nervous system demyelinated lesions: an appraisal

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. V Peireira ◽  
M. A. Cruz-Höfling ◽  
M. S. J. Dertkigil ◽  
D. L. Graça
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Primitive Cell ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Human Material ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The integrity of myelin sheaths is maintained by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells respectively in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the peripheral nervous system. The process of demyelination consisting of the withdrawal of myelin sheaths from their axons is a characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis, the most common human demyelinating disease. Many experimental models have been designed to study the biology of demyelination and remyelination (repair of the lost myelin) in the CNS, due to the difficulties in studying human material. In the ethidium bromide (an intercalating gliotoxic drug) model of demyelination, CNS remyelination may be carried out by surviving oligodendrocytes and/or by cells differentiated from the primitive cell lines or either by Schwann cells that invade the CNS. However, some factors such as the age of the experimental animals, intensity and time of exposure to the intercalating chemical and the topography of the lesions have marked influence on the repair of the tissue.

Eye Banking Activity-1986

Cornea ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 82???83
Author(s):  
Donald J. Doughman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Banking ◽  
Banking Activity

Eye Banking: Techniques for Eye Preservation in Selected Neoplasms Encroaching on the Globe

1993 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vtto C. Quatela ◽  
Neal D. Futran ◽  
James R. Boynton
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Eye Banking ◽  
Fibrous Sheath ◽  
Tumor Involvement ◽  
Preserve Function ◽  
Reconstructive Techniques ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Surgical Extirpation

Removal of the globe and associated structures has been advocated for tumors Invading the periorbital bone and periosteum, orbital fat, or extraocular muscles. In some patients with cancerous tumors encroaching on the globe, however, it may be possible to remove the tumor and save the eye. Tenon's fascia is a firm fibrous sheath surrounding the entire globe except the cornea. If the neoplasm spreads along fascial planes rather than through them, and If this layer remains free of tumor Involvement, preservation of the globe can be considered. Oculoplastic reconstructive techniques may limit exposure and diplopia, allowing the eye to be “banked” in vivo, and saved as a spare for the future. Six patients with malignant tumors encroaching on the globe have had definitive surgical extirpation with preservation of the eye. Three patients have had the globe uncovered successfully. Five of six patients remain disease-free, with followup from 6 months to 6 years. No globes have been removed. These techniques appear to be therapeutically sound, preserve function and appearance, and Improve patient morale. The indications and limitations of this approach to certain cases of periorbital cancer are discussed.

Marxian economic theory and an ontology of socialism: a Japanese intervention

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Westra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Limit Form ◽  
Economic Studies

The most enduring aspect of the economic studies of Marx is the exposition in Capital of the inner anatomy of capitalism as the limit form of what a human society should not be—that is a commodified society which abdicates the responsibility for the reproduction of human material existence to something that transcends human force. Deriving from this perspective on Capital is the position that socialism, at least in its most fundamental incarnation, should not be considered as being institutionally prefigured by capitalism, but as the antithesis of capitalism in that regard. Given such an understanding of socialism, I derive three core principles of what I call an ontology of socialism from Marx's work in Capital. I then briefly outline what adherence to the principles implies for the issues of calculation, motivation and discovery in the construction of a genuine socialism.

The Impact of State Legislation on Eye Banking

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile J. Farge
Keyword(s):  
Eye Banking ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
The Impact
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