Financial and Bank-Specific Expertise

2021 ◽  
pp. 931-944
Author(s):  
Francesco de Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Specific Expertise

When Do Auditors Use Specialists' Work to Improve Problem Representations of and Judgments about Complex Estimates?

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Audit ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Epistemic Motivation ◽  
Specific Expertise ◽  
Problem Representations

ABSTRACT Auditors are more likely to identify misstatements in complex estimates if they recognize problematic patterns among an estimate's underlying assumptions. Rich problem representations aid pattern recognition, but auditors likely have difficulty developing them given auditors' limited domain-specific expertise in this area. In two experiments, I predict and find that a relational cue in a specialist's work highlighting aggressive assumptions improves auditors' problem representations and subsequent judgments about estimates. However, this improvement only occurs when a situational factor (e.g., risk) increases auditors' epistemic motivation to incorporate the cue into their problem representations. These results suggest that auditors do not always respond to cues in specialists' work. More generally, this study highlights the role of situational factors in increasing auditors' epistemic motivation to develop rich problem representations, which contribute to high-quality audit judgments in this and other domains where pattern recognition is important.

De cultuurhistorische waarde van de literatuur

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Lies Wesseling
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Post War ◽  
Literary System ◽  
Specific Expertise

This article probes the extent to which literary history and cultural history may mutuallyilluminate each other, without neglecting the poetic dimension of literary works. Thispoetic dimension is embedded within the genre repertoires that shape the production andreception of literary works. One should therefore take into close account that the literaryrepresentation of social conflict is always deflected by the prism of genre conventions.Focusing on the case study of the Dutch Gothic novel, I argue that Gothic tales provide aspecific take on the post-war modernization of the Netherlands. As such, they make avaluable contribution to historical debates about the periodization of the sixties andseventies, not in spite of, but because of their specific poetic properties. Thus, it is verywell possible to bring literary works to bear upon the discussion of historical issueswithout either infringing upon the relative autonomy of the literary system or neglectingthe specific expertise of literary studies as a discipline in its own rights.

Situation-Specific Expertise and Perceived Control

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Gross ◽  
Phyllis G. Tiffany ◽  
Robert E. Billingham
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Control Score ◽  
Personal Expertise ◽  
Specific Expertise

To investigate the influence that situation-specific expertise might have on locus of control, 387 student/athletes completed Rotter's locus of control and the Dahlhauser Sports Locus of Control inventory. Analysis supported the hypothesis that subjects' expertise within a situation-specific environment will yield a locus of control score significantly more internalized than scores on the more general Rotter instrument. The authors conclude that personal expertise must be taken into account in research dealing with the construct of control. Further, research tailored more specifically to the situation is needed.

Using Technologies to Integrate Vocational Learning in Multiple Contexts

2014 ◽  
pp. 675-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cattaneo ◽  
Carmela Aprea
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
Vocational Learning ◽  
Specific Expertise

Due to various influences and developments, learning nowadays must be conceived as a lifelong process that occurs within and among different formal, non-formal, and informal contexts. However, learning poses new requirements for individuals as it urges them to cope with diverse and dynamically changing perspectives, articulate these diversities, and reconcile them into a meaningful whole. In this chapter, the authors present theoretical and empirical evidence that accounts for the potential of technologies as facilitators for connecting and integrating learning across different contexts. Given the authors' specific expertise, they particularly focus on learning in vocational and professional settings.

E-Services for Managing and Orchestrating Organizational Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Marijn Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Organizational Networks ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Organizational Network ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Customer Responsiveness ◽  
Electronic Intermediaries ◽  
Specific Expertise

Organizations increasingly cooperate in organizational networks to remain competitive. Electronic intermediaries can provide all kinds of e-services to support the creation and management of such networks. While there has been substantial discussion on intermediaries matching demand and supply, there has been little analysis in relation to the management and orchestration of organizational networks. In this chapter, we analyze an intermediary that uses e-services for orchestrating a network in the consumer electronics industry. The empirical results show that the coordination and management of networks requires specific expertise and skills which could be provided by specialized intermediaries. The primary value creation activity of the intermediary is leveraging the products, activities, and knowledge of the specialized companies and providing e-services for orchestrating the organizational network to create short lead times, improve customer responsiveness, and ensure adaptability.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2014 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
David L Brody
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Prolonged Exposure Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Specific Expertise

In many contexts, the trauma that caused the concussion can also trigger a strong stress response. Take a focused history from the patient and collateral source for hyperarousal, nightmares, avoidance, emotional numbing, dissociation, and prior diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Assess safety. Severe PTSD can lead to suicide. Refer to a psychologist or counselor with specific expertise in PTSD for prolonged exposure therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. Optimize sleep. Start an anxiolytic antidepressant. Prescribe prazosin for nightmares. Ideally, use short-acting benzodiazepines only for emergencies. Advise the patient to stop drinking alcohol. Treat chronic pain aggressively if present. Consider a second-line mood stabilizer if necessary. Don’t be afraid to use stimulants if the patient also has impairing attention deficit once the PTSD symptoms are under reasonable control.

scholarly journals Know Your Cognitive Environment! Mental Models as Crucial Determinant of Offloading Preferences

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082095686
Author(s):  
Patrick P. Weis ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Model Adjustment ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Cognitive Environment ◽  
Human Problem ◽  
Specific Expertise

Objective Human problem solvers possess the ability to outsource parts of their mental processing onto cognitive “helpers” ( cognitive offloading). However, suboptimal decisions regarding which helper to recruit for which task occur frequently. Here, we investigate if understanding and adjusting a specific subcomponent of mental models—beliefs about task-specific expertise—regarding these helpers could provide a comparatively easy way to improve offloading decisions. Background Mental models afford the storage of beliefs about a helper that can be retrieved when needed. Methods Arithmetic and social problems were solved by 192 participants. Participants could, in addition to solving a task on their own, offload cognitive processing onto a human, a robot, or one of two smartphone apps. These helpers were introduced with either task-specific (e.g., stating that an app would use machine learning to “recognize faces” and “read emotions”) or task-unspecific (e.g., stating that an app was built for solving “complex cognitive tasks”) descriptions of their expertise. Results Providing task-specific expertise information heavily altered offloading behavior for apps but much less so for humans or robots. This suggests (1) strong preexisting mental models of human and robot helpers and (2) a strong impact of mental model adjustment for novel helpers like unfamiliar smartphone apps. Conclusion Creating and refining mental models is an easy approach to adjust offloading preferences and thus improve interactions with cognitive environments. Application To efficiently work in environments in which problem-solving includes consulting other people or cognitive tools (“helpers”), accurate mental models—especially regarding task-relevant expertise—are a crucial prerequisite.

Pedagogical Mini-Games Integrated into Hybrid Course to Improve Understanding of Computer Programming

2020 ◽  
pp. 1305-1348
Author(s):  
Walter Nuninger ◽  
Jean-Marie Châtelet
Keyword(s):  
Computer Programming ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Agile Method ◽  
Hybrid Course ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Mini Games ◽  
Programming Courses ◽  
Synchronous Time ◽  
Modular Framework ◽  
Specific Expertise

To improve learning efficiency in Computer Programming courses, a voluntary decision was to fully integrate different learner-centered pedagogical devices. The result is the development of a set of pedagogical serious mini-Games (mGs) in synchronous time in the classroom for a decided scenario of the hybrid course. Supported by a Learning Management System, the innovation results in a common flexible and modular framework for mGs, taking into account a really short duration and higher constraints of the training. The expected outcome is to make future end users (who will not be IT developers) aware of the potential of the underlying transversal skills developed while building up universal algorithms, stressing functional analysis regardless of specific expertise required for a given coding. The challenge is to make their knowledge ownership easier, to prevent rejection, to incent involvement and collective intelligence and further Agile method adoption with a concern for quality.

scholarly journals Linkage and continuity of care after release from prison: an evaluation of central registration points for drug users in Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Vandevelde ◽  
Freya Vander Laenen ◽  
Benjamin Mine ◽  
Eric Maes ◽  
Lana De Clercq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Substance Abuse Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Specific Expertise

Purpose This paper aims to report the findings of an evaluation study concerning the Central Registration Points (CRPs) for drug users in Belgian prisons. CRPs support drug users to link with community-based services. Design/methodology/approach The study applied a multi-method approach that involved an exploratory literature review; a secondary analysis of the CRPs’ databases; a qualitative study of the perceptions of a diverse sample of stakeholders with regard to the functioning of CRPs; and a prospective registration study. Findings One-third of the clients never attended an outpatient or residential substance abuse service before prison entry. This illustrates that the CRPs managed to reach clients who were not previously reached by (substance abuse) treatment services. All interviewed actors emphasized the added value of the CRPs in terms of informing, contacting, motivating and referring prisoners with a substance abuse problem. Practical implications Based on the research findings, two issues seem to be of paramount importance in the successful practice of CRPs: the confidentiality and specific expertise on (substance abuse) treatment. Given the complex situation of drug users in prison, an independent positioning and categorical assistance with drug-specific expertise seem to be essential. Originality/value CRPs can be considered to be one of the “building blocks” that contribute to high-quality care and continuity of care for drugs users in detention.

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