FEA Analysis of the Knee Joint at Different Q Angle

Author(s):  
Richa Rai ◽  
Vikas Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Q Angle ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini E. Tsakoniti ◽  
Christoforos A. Stoupis ◽  
Spyros I. Athanasopoulos

Knee pain and dysfunction have been often associated with an ineffective pull of the patella by the vastus medialis (VM) relative to the vastus lateralis (VL), particularly in individuals with knee joint malalignment. Such changes in muscular behavior may be attributed to muscle inhibition and/or atrophy that precedes the onset of symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate possible effects of knee joint malalignment, indicated by a high quadriceps (Q) angle (HQ angle >15°), on the anatomic cross-sectional area (aCSA) of the entire quadriceps and its individual parts, in a group of 17 young asymptomatic men compared with a group of 19 asymptomatic individuals with low Q angle (LQ angle <15°). The aCSA of the entire quadriceps (TQ), VM, VL, vastus intermedius (VI), rectus femoris (RF), and patellar tendon (PT) were measured during static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the quadriceps relaxed and under contraction, respectively. A statistically significant lower aCSA was obtained in the HQ angle group, compared with the LQ angle group, for the TQ, VL, and VI in both static (TQ = 9.9%, VL = 12.9%, and VI = 9.1%; P < 0.05) and dynamic imaging (TQ = 10.7%, P < 0.001; VL = 13.4%, P < 0.01; and VI = 9.8%, P < 0.05) and the aCSA of the VM in dynamic MRI (11.9%; P < 0.01). The muscle atrophy obtained in the HQ angle group may be the result of a protective mechanism that inhibits and progressively adapts muscle behavior to reduce abnormal loading and wear of joint structures.


Author(s):  
Marcos Vinicius de Sousa Fernandes ◽  
Samuel Ribeiro Carvalho ◽  
Wesley dos Santos Costa ◽  
Ivan Silveira De Avelar ◽  
Deise Aparecida de Almeida Pires Oliveira ◽  
...  

Background: The sport, when it comes to matters related to high performance, can lead the athlete to the development of risk factors for injuries. To minimize the effects of high load training, neuromuscular exercises may offer increased joint stability, thereby reducing risk factors, number of injuries, and minimizing the extent and severity of those that may arise. Objective: To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular exercises on Q-angle, knee joint stability and ankle mobility of high performance handball athletes. Methods: This is a controlled clinical trial conducted with 23 athletes (aged 18 to 37 years), randomly divided into intervention (n = 12) and control (n = 11) groups. Athletes were evaluated with clinical tests for knee joint instability. The risk factors evaluated were ankle range of motion (ROM) in the dorsal flexion movement (tibia over the tarsus) and the Q-angle, which are factors related to ankle sprains and anterior cruciate ligament injury, respectively. A protocol of three neuromuscular exercises for lower limb was applied three times a week, lasting approximately six minutes for 12 sessions. Results: All athletes presented Q-angle higher than expected and in the group that underwent neuromuscular exercises there was a significant reduction in right Q-angle (pre: 23.7 ± 2.9º; post: 20.2 ± 2.5º, p = 0.016) and left (pre: 22.5 ± 2.5º; post: 20.1 ± 1.8º, p = 0.021). The range of motion of both ankles did not increase significantly, but there was an average increase of 2.1º in the right ankle and 2.4º in the left of the athletes who participated in the intervention group. Clinical tests indicated improvement in joint stability. Conclusion: A significant reduction in the right and left Q-angle was observed, as well as reducing the frequency of excessive anterior tibial translocation, which may be positively reflected in the knee joint stability.


1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
M. Möttönen ◽  
M. Pantio ◽  
T. Nevalainen

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
M. Puille ◽  
D. Steiner ◽  
R. Bauer ◽  
R. Klett

Summary Aim: Multiple procedures for the quantification of activity leakage in radiation synovectomy of the knee joint have been described in the literature. We compared these procedures considering the real conditions of dispersion and absorption using a corpse phantom. Methods: We simulated different distributions of the activity in the knee joint and a different extra-articular spread into the inguinal lymph nodes. The activity was measured with a gammacamera. Activity leakage was calculated by measuring the retention in the knee joint only using an anterior view, using the geometric mean of anterior and posterior views, or using the sum of anterior and posterior views. The same procedures were used to quantify the activity leakage by measuring the activity spread into the inguinal lymph nodes. In addition, the influence of scattered rays was evaluated. Results: For several procedures we found an excellent association with the real activity leakage, shown by an r² between 0.97 and 0.98. When the real value of the leakage is needed, e. g. in dosimetric studies, simultaneously measuring of knee activity and activity in the inguinal lymph nodes in anterior and posterior views and calculation of the geometric mean with exclusion of the scatter rays was found to be the procedure of choice. Conclusion: When measuring of activity leakage is used for dosimetric calculations, the above-described procedure should be used. When the real value of the leakage is not necessary, e. g. for comparing different therapeutic modalities, several of the procedures can be considered as being equivalent.


1993 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Pickles ◽  
C. R. Bellenger

SummaryTotal removal of a knee joint meniscus is followed by osteoarthritis in many mammalian species. Altered load-bearing has been observed in the human knee following meniscectomy but less is known about biochemical effects of meniscectomy in other species. Using pressure sensitive paper in sheep knee (stifle) joints it was found that, for comparable loads, the load-bearing area on the medial tibial condyle was significantly reduced following medial meniscectomy. Also, for loads of between 50 N and 500 N applied to the whole joint, the slope of the regression of contact area against load was much smaller. Following medial meniscectomy, the ability to increase contact area as load increased was markedly reduced.The load bearing area on the medial tibial condyle was reduced following meniscectomy.


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