Tool for Assessing Intellectual Quotient Among Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
B. Vinitha ◽  
K. Rishita ◽  
K. Pranavi ◽  
R. Pallavi Reddy ◽  
N. Kalyani
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Quotient

Gender differences in the developmental outcomes of children with congenital cardiac defects

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Majnemer ◽  
Catherine Limperopoulos ◽  
Michael Shevell ◽  
Charles Rohlicek ◽  
Bernard Rosenblatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Early Brain Injury ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Intellectual Quotient ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares the developmental and functional outcomes at school entry between boys and girls born with a congenital cardiac defect who required early surgical correction.Study designA prospective cohort of 94 children, including 49 percent boys, were followed up to 5 years of age and assessed for developmental progress. Developmental measures included Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – cognitive; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – receptive language; Peabody Developmental Motor Scale – motor; and Child Behaviour Checklist – behaviour. Measures of function included the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM).ResultsThe mean scores of the boys on the WeeFIM subscales, such as self-care, mobility, cognition, were significantly lower than that of the girls. There was a trend for a greater proportion of boys to have abnormalities on neurological examination (boys 37.5 percent abnormal, girls 19.5 percent abnormal). Verbal, performance, and full scale Intellectual Quotients were 5–7 points lower in boys but did not reach significance (full scale Intellectual Quotient: boys 87.7 plus or minus 22.2; girls 93.9 plus or minus 19.3). Boys were more likely to have fine motor delays (50 percent, 82.7 plus or minus 16.5) compared with girls (28.2 percent, 87.0 plus or minus 15.8). There were no gender differences in receptive language or behavioural difficulties.ConclusionsBoys born with congenital heart disease requiring early surgical repair appear to be at enhanced risk for neuromotor impairments and activity limitations. Findings support gender differences in the pathogenesis of early brain injury following hypoxic–ischaemic insults. This has implications for neuroprotective strategies to prevent brain injury.

Incorporating Neuroimaging into Cognitive Assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin D. Bigler
Keyword(s):  
Binary Classification ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Intellectual Quotient ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Score Statistics ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Fact Question

All traditional neuropsychological assessment techniques emerged in an era prior to modern neuroimaging. In fact, question-answer/paper-and-pencil test origins that gained traction with Alfred Binet in 1905 remain the same core techniques today. Indeed, Binet’s efforts began the era of standardized human metrics designed to assess a broad spectrum of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions and abilities. During the early part of the 20th century, the concept of an intellectual quotient expressed as a standard score with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 also initiated the era of quantitative descriptions of mental and emotional functioning (Anastasi, 1968; Stern, 1912). Other descriptive statistical metrics were applied to human measurement, including scaled, percentile, T-score, and z-score statistics. Statistical measures became part of the assessment lexicon and each possessed strength as well as weakness for descriptive purposes, but together proved to be immensely effective for communicating test findings and inferring average and above or below the norm performances. In turn, descriptive statistical methods became the cornerstone for describing neuropsychological findings, typically reported by domain of functioning (memory, excutive, language, etc.; Cipolotti & Warrington, 1995; Lezak, Howieson, Bigler, & Tranel, 2012). As much as psychology and medicine have incorporated descriptive statistics into research and clinical application, a major focus of both disciplines also has been binary classification—normal versus abnormal. This dichotomization recognizes some variability and individual differences within a test score or laboratory procedure, but at some point the clinician makes the binary decision of normal or abnormal. In the beginnings of neuroimaging, which are discussed more thoroughly below, interpretation of computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans mostly was approached in this manner. Although lots of information was available from CT and MRI images, if nothing obviously abnormal was seen, the radiological conclusion merely stated in the Impression section, “Normal CT (or MRI) of the brain,” with no other qualification (or quantification) of why the findings were deemed normal other than the image appeared that way. Until recently, quantification of information in an image required hand editing and was excruciatingly time consuming.

The relationship between premorbid adjustment and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S78-S79
Author(s):  
P. Stefanatou ◽  
C.S. Karatosidi ◽  
E. Kattoulas ◽  
N. Stefanis ◽  
N. Smyrnis
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Intellectual Quotient ◽  
Premorbid Adjustment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionPremorbid adjustment (PA) is one of the main prognostic indicators of schizophrenia. Both social and cognitive deficits observed during the premorbid period hold a predictive value for the onset of schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo investigate how cognitive functions are related to aspects of PA.AimsTo examine the relationship of each PA domain (academic and social) at each of the three developmental stages (childhood, early adolescence and late adolescence), as well as their course with the cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients.MethodsPA, intellectual quotient (IQ), verbal learning, memory, processing speed, executive functions and verbal fluency were assessed using PAS, WAIS, RAVLT, TMT, WCST and COWAT measures respectively in a sample of 85 clinically stabilized male schizophrenia inpatients.ResultsNegative correlations emerged between academic PA during adolescence and both verbal IQ and processing speed, while positive correlations were found with working memory. Negative correlations emerged between deterioration in academic PA during adolescence and both processing speed and immediate auditory verbal recall, while correlations with verbal learning were positive. There was no relationship between cognitive functions and either social PA or its deterioration.ConclusionOur findings revealed significant associations between both academic PA and its course with cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients. In summary, deficits in several fields of cognitive functions seem to follow a different path long before and after the onset of the disease, but further investigation is necessary.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Associations of executive and functional outcomes with full-score intellectual quotient among ADHD adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 113521
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Baggio ◽  
Roland Hasler ◽  
Marie-Pierre Deiber ◽  
Patrick Heller ◽  
Anna Buadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Intellectual Quotient

scholarly journals The quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the Coronavirus disease 19 emergency in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyo Ueda ◽  
Takashi Okada ◽  
Yosuke Kita ◽  
Yuri Ozawa ◽  
Hisami Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Intellectual Quotient ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Job Flexibility

AbstractThis study aimed to reveal how the COVID-19 stay-at-home period has affected the quality of life (QOL) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents and to identify possible factors that enabled them to maintain their QOL. We enrolled 136 school-aged children (intellectual quotient ≥ 50) and their parents and administered QOL questionnaires to assess the maladaptive behavior of the children; depression, anxiety, and stress of the parents; and activities of their daily lives. The relationship between their QOL and clinical features was examined. The decrease in QOL of children and parents was associated with the mother’s limited job flexibility. Decreased QOL was also associated with changes in the sleep rhythms of the children. Maladaptive behaviors in children were associated with parental stress. However, maintained QOL of some families who faced these same conditions of job stress and sleep disorders was associated with less parental stress, less parental depression and anxiety, and milder maladaptive behavior in children. Both mothers with limited job flexibility and changes in the sleep rhythm of children were associated with reduced QOL of children and their parents. Low parental stress was associated with decreased maladaptive behavior in children and with maintained QOL of the family.

scholarly journals Sleep Spindles as an Electrographic Element: Description and Automatic Detection Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothée Coppieters ’t Wallant ◽  
Pierre Maquet ◽  
Christophe Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
General Description ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Intellectual Quotient ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Brain Pattern ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meta Analyses

Sleep spindle is a peculiar oscillatory brain pattern which has been associated with a number of sleep (isolation from exteroceptive stimuli, memory consolidation) and individual characteristics (intellectual quotient). Oddly enough, the definition of a spindle is both incomplete and restrictive. In consequence, there is no consensus about how to detect spindles. Visual scoring is cumbersome and user dependent. To analyze spindle activity in a more robust way, automatic sleep spindle detection methods are essential. Various algorithms were developed, depending on individual research interest, which hampers direct comparisons and meta-analyses. In this review, sleep spindle is first defined physically and topographically. From this general description, we tentatively extract the main characteristics to be detected and analyzed. A nonexhaustive list of automatic spindle detection methods is provided along with a description of their main processing principles. Finally, we propose a technique to assess the detection methods in a robust and comparable way.

scholarly journals Psychological problems and associated factors at 6 years of age: Differences between sexes

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griselda Esparó ◽  
Josepa Canals ◽  
Margarita Torrente ◽  
Joan D. Fernández-Ballart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Intellectual Quotient ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Levels

In a non-clinical group of 130 children (65 boys and 65 girls), we evaluated the relationships between psychological problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) reported by parents, the Inattention Overactivity With Aggression (IOWA) scale reported by teachers, individual factors (Intellectual quotient [IQ], temperament and heart rate) and environmental factors (stress events, mother's profession and being or not being an only child). We found no differences between the sexes in the prevalence of total psychological problems in the clinical range, but girls had significantly more borderline total problems than boys. Girls tended to have more externalizing problems than boys. In boys, there were more links between individual and environmental factors and psychological problems, especially externalizing problems. A high score in psychological problems assessed by the CBCL affected the school performance of boys and the social performance of girls. For boys, IQ was significantly lower when the score for total behavioral problems was higher, and for girls IQ was significantly lower when the score for externalizing problems was higher. Understanding the different levels of vulnerability of the sexes at different periods of development may help to improve the treatment children in this age group receive.

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