Arc Welding Processes: Shielded Metal Arc Welding—Principle, Electrode and Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Dheerendra Kumar Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Processes

Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Hardness in Superduplex Stainless Steel ASTM A890/A890M - Grade 6A

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
Clélia Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Eloá Lopes Maia ◽  
Solange T. da Fonseca ◽  
Marcelo Martins ◽  
Julián Arnaldo Ávila Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Superduplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Secondary Austenite ◽  
Welding Processes

Superduplex stainless steel alloy exhibit high mechanical and corrosion resistance, which main industrial application is in the petrochemical industry. The manufacture and maintenance of such equipment usually involve welding processes, followed by post-welded heat treatment and it often becomes impossible to apply heat treatments. Thereby, the purpose of this work is to verify the effect of a post-welded heat treatment on shielded metal arc welding in steel grade ASTM A890/A890M - grade 6A. The microstructure in the as-welded condition consisted of austenite, secondary austenite, and ferrite phases and, the post-welded heat treatment condition exhibited only austenite and ferrite. The hardness in the melt zone reached values of 300 HV after welding and, the value was reduced to 260 HV in the post-welded heat treatment condition.

Fatigue and Fracture Toughness Properties of 9 Percent Nickel Steel at LNG Temperatures

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sarno ◽  
D. E. McCabe ◽  
T. G. Heberling
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Rotating Beam ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Percent Nickel ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Welding Processes

9 percent nickel steel has been evaluated for use in a semimembrane LNG containment design. Fatigue and fracture toughness properties of 1/4 in. thick base plate and weldments have been determined at cryogenic temperatures. Results of rotating beam fatigue, stress intensity (Kc) and fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN versus ΔK) studies are presented. Data predict that 9 percent nickel steel, fabricated with the gas metal arc and shielded metal arc welding processes, may be successfully applied as the primary tank material for this LNG design.

Chemical pollutants in the respiratory zone of welders: Determination of concentrations and hazard analysis

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
Younes Mehrifar ◽  
Sara Karimi Zeverdegani ◽  
Masoud Rismanchian
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Processes

BACKGROUND: Welding pollutants have potentially dangerous effects on the health of welders. Analysis of exposure risks is an appropriate method for industrial hygiene occupational exposure. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the concentrations of exposure and risk evaluation of welders to fumes and gases in three common types of welding including Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out at a steel company. Samples were taken from manganese, chromium and nickel fumes with NIOSH 7300 method and for NO, NO2, CO and O3 gases using direct reading instruments. SQRCA method was used to assess the level of exposure risk. RESULTS: Our study showed that the highest and lowest concentrations of exposure to gases were observed in MIG and GTAW welding, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest concentrations of exposure to metals were observed in SMAW and GTAW processes, respectively. Mean exposure to M, Cr and Ni metals was 2.302, 3.195, and 1.241 mg/m3, respectively. Also, mean exposure to CO, NO, NO2 and O3 was 43.05, 27.88, 4.30, and 0.41 ppm, respectively. Results of risk analysis showed that O3, NO2 and Cr had high and very high risk levels in all welding processes. CONCLUSIONS: MIG and SMAW welders have a high occupational exposure to metal and toxic gases in welding. Preventive measures such as assessment of workplace air, installation of the ventilation systems, and providing appropriate respiratory protection devices for welders should be taken.

scholarly journals ST41 Tensile Strength Analysis of Spiral Groove Welding with Three Current Variations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Mojibur Rohman ◽  
Ahmad Saepuddin ◽  
Mochamad Adhi Fardana
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Spiral Groove ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Spiral Grooves

Welding is one of the important aspects in the process of joining metal, iron or steel. This study aims to determine the effect of SMAW welding techniques in spiral grooves with variations in currents of 100 Amperes, 110 Amperes and 120 Amperes to the tensile strength of St 41 steel. This research is an experimental study conducted in two places namely BLKI Singosari, Malang and Faculty of Engineering, ITN Malang, East Java. The results showed that the current strength and electrode flow in welding have an influence on the tensile strength even though the results are not significant. Average tensile strength at 100 Amperes current is 46.75 Kgf / mm², at 110 Amperes current is 44.87 Kgf / mm², and at 120 Amperes current is 43.80 Kgf / mm². The results of this test indicate that the variation of the current in SMAW welding with the spiral groove method influences the tensile strength of St 41 steel. Based on the findings in this study it can be concluded that the highest tensile strength value of 46.75 Kgf / mm² occurs in welding spiral grooves with strong currents of 100 Ampere. Keywords : SMAW welding; spiral groove, strong current, tensile strength; ST41.ReferencesAnwar, B. (2017). Analisis kekuatan tarik hasil pengelasan posisi bawah tangan dengan perbedaan variasi kuat arus listrik pada baja st 42. Teknologi, 16 (1), 18-24.Budiman, H. (2016). Analisis pengujian tarik (tensile test) pada baja st37 dengan alat bantu ukur load cell teknik mesin. J-Ensitec, 3(1), 9-13.Daryanto. (2012). Teknik Las. Bandung: AlfabetaGunawan, Y. Endriatno, N. Anggara, B, H. (2017). Analisa pengaruh pengelasan listrik terhadap sifat mekanik baja karbon rendah dan baja karbon tinggi. Enthalpy Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin, 2(1), 2502-8944.Imam, P, M. dan Sarjito, J, S. (2012). Analisis kekuatan sambungan las smaw (shielded metal arc welding) pada marine plate st 42 akibat faktor cacat porositas dan incomplete penetration. KAPAL, 5(2), 102-113.Kolo, J.M., Nugraha, I.N.P. & Widayana, G. (2017). Pengaruh variasi arus terhadap kekuatan impact dan kekerasan material st 37 menggunakan proses pengelasn gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha, 8(2), 1-10.Kurniawan, S, A., Solichin & Puspitasari, P. (2014). Analisis kekuatan tarik dan struktur mikro pada baja st.41 akibat perbedaan ayunan elektroda pengelasan SMAW. Jurnal Teknik Mesin, 22(2), 1-12.Mohruni, A, S. dan Kembaren, B, H. (2013). Pengaruh variasi kecepatan dan kua arus terhadap kekerasan, tegangan tarik, strukturmikro baja karbon rendah dengan elektroda e6013. Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, 13(1), 1-8.Pranawan, D, F, B. dan Suwito, D. (2016). Pengaruh teknik pengelasan alur spiral, alur zig – zag, dan lurus pada arus 85 a terhadap kekuatan tarik baja st 41. Jurnal Teknik Mesin. 4(2), 29 – 32.Siswanto & Amri, S. (2011). Konsep dasar teknik las. Edisi 1. Jakarta : PT. Prestasi Pustakaraya.Weman, K. (2003). Welding processes handbook. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambride.Widharto, S. (1996). Petunjuk kerja las. Jakarta: Pradnya ParamitaWiryosumarto. 2000. Teknologi pengelasan logam. Jakarta: PT. Pradnya Paramita.

INCO-WELD B ELECTRODE

Alloy Digest ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract INCO-WELD B is a nickel-base alloy developed for shielded metal-arc welding of nickel steels for cryogenic applications. It is similar to INCO-WELD A Electrode (Alloy Digest Ni-305, November 1984) except that it is designed for use with alternating current to minimize magnetic arc blow. It can be operated in all welding positions. This datasheet provides information on composition and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-307. Producer or source: Huntington Alloys.

INCO-WELD C

Alloy Digest ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Alloy Electrode ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Spring Steels ◽  
Medium Carbon Steels

Abstract INCO WELD C Electrode is a stainless-alloy electrode especially designed for shielded-metal-arc welding of a broad range of materials, including many difficult-to-weld compositions. It can be used in stainless steels, mild and medium-carbon steels,and spring steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on joining. Filing Code: SS-632. Producer or source: Inco Alloys International Inc.

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