The Mathematical Form of Grover Algorithm and Its Search Success Rate for Composite Database

Author(s):  
Shengzi He
SPIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2140003
Author(s):  
Wei Zi ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Cheng Guo ◽  
Xiaoming Sun

Unstructured searching, which is to find the marked element from a given unstructured data set, is a widely studied problem in computer science. It is well known that Grover algorithm provides a quadratic speedup to solve unstructured search problem compared with the classical algorithm. This algorithm has received a lot of attention due to the strong versatility. In this manuscript, we report experimental results of searching a unique target from 16 elements on five different quantum devices of IBM quantum Experience (IBMQ). We first implement the original Grover algorithm on these devices. However, the experiment probability of success of finding the correct target is almost the same as random choice. We then optimize the quantum circuit size of the search algorithm. The oracle operator and diffusion operator are two of the most costly operators in Grover algorithm. For the 16-element quantum search algorithm, both the oracle operator and diffusion operator consist of a triple controlled [Formula: see text] gate ([Formula: see text]) and some single-qubit gates. So we optimize the implementation of the [Formula: see text] gate according to the qubits layout of different quantum devices. On the ibmq_santiago, the experimental success rate of the 16-element quantum search algorithm is increased to [Formula: see text] by the optimization, which is better than all the published experiments implemented on IBMQ devices. For other IBMQ devices, the experimental success rate of 16-element quantum search also has been significantly improved. We then try to further reduce the size of the quantum circuit by modifying the Grover algorithm, with a tolerable loss of the theoretical success probability. On ibmq_quito, the experimental success rate is further improved from 25.23% to 27.56% after optimization. These experimental results show the importance of circuit optimization and algorithm optimization in the Noisy-Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era.


2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 440-440
Author(s):  
Kathleen C. Kobashi ◽  
Fred E. Govier ◽  
Tanya M. Nazemi
Keyword(s):  

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Hansjoerg Danuser ◽  
Eduard Dobry ◽  
Fiona C. Burkhard ◽  
Werner W. Hochreiter ◽  
Urs E. Studer

VASA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Bucek ◽  
Hudak ◽  
Schnürer ◽  
Ahmadi ◽  
Wolfram ◽  
...  

Background: We investigated the long-term clinical results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and the influence of different parameters on the primary success rate, the rate of complications and the long-term outcome. Patients and methods: We reviewed clinical and hemodynamic follow-up data of 166 consecutive patients treated with PTA in 1987 in our department. Results: PTA improved the clinical situation in 79.4% of patients with iliac lesions and in 88.3% of patients with femoro-popliteal lesions. The clinical stage and ankle brachial index (ABI) post-interventional could be improved significantly (each P < 0,001), the same results were observed at the end of follow-up (each P < 0,001). Major complications occurred in 11 patients (6.6%). The rate of primary clinical long-term success for suprainguinal lesions was 55% and 38% after 5 and 10 years (femoro-popliteal 44% and 33%), respectively, the corresponding data for secondary clinical long-term success were 63% and 56% (60% and 55%). Older age (P = 0,017) and lower ABI pre-interventional (P = 0,019) significantly deteriorated primary clinical long-term success for suprainguinal lesions, while no factor could be identified influencing the outcome of femoro-popliteal lesions significantly. Conclusion: Besides an acceptable success rate with a low rate of severe complications, our results demonstrate favourable long-term clinical results of PTA in patients with PAOD.


VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krnic ◽  
Sucic

Background: The aim of this study is to report our results in main stem vein closure using the bipolar radiofrequency induced thermotherapy (RFITT) system and the 1064nm Nd:Yag laser. Patients and methods: 44 incompetent main stem veins (37 great saphenous veins, one lesser saphenous vein, and 6 anterior accessory saphenous veins) in 29 patients were treated using RFITT. 53 incompetent main stem veins (45 great saphenous veins, 4 lesser saphenous veins, and 4 anterior accessory saphenous veins) in 43 patients were treated endovenously with 1064 nm Nd:Yag laser. All patients underwent postoperative duplex scanning within a month after procedure, as well as a short interview regarding postoperative discomfort. Results: In main stem veins treated with RFITT, the success rate within the first month was 86,4 % (38 out of 44 veins). Complete failure rate was 13,6 % (6 out of 44 veins). In 53 main stem veins treated by 1064 nm Nd:Yag laser, the success rate was 100 %, consisting of 98,1 % complete success (52/53 veins), and 1,9 % partial success (1/53 veins). None of the patients treated with RFITT experienced postoperative adverse effects, whereas 13/43 (30,2 %) patients treated with laser had to use oral analgesics after the treatment, and 21/43 (48,8 %) patients reported transient skin changes, such as bruising or skin redness. Conclusions: RFITT system was fairly efficient in the short term for closure of main trunk veins, whereas longer term results are still scarce. Postoperative side effects of RFITT were minimal. 1064nm Nd:Yag laser, according to short term results, proved to be very effective for main stem vein closure. Postoperative side effects related to 1064 nm Nd:Yag endovenous laser treatment proved to be minor, transient, and acceptable.


Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Krasznai ◽  
E. C. M. Bollen ◽  
J. C. van der Kley ◽  
R. J. Th. J. Welten ◽  
G. M. J. M. Welten

SummaryOur aim is to describe the results of a new short stripping technique for the treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein (GSV) using a new developed surgical device. Patients, methods: 397 patients (498 legs) were treated with the InvisiGrip® Vein Stripper, which removes the GSV through a single groin incision, endovascular cutting and antegrade stripping by inversion. We reported the surgical success rate and postprocedural complications. Results: The mean age was 51 years, 74% were women. The success rate for removal of the GSV was 95%. The 23 failures were half patient related, half device related. In 82% of the strippings, one or two attempts were needed to successfully remove the GSV, which was done by invagination in 80%. Age, gender, BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and male GSV diameter were not associated with the number of attempts. Superficial wound infection, haematoma and temporary saphenous and femoral nerve injury occurred in 6 (1.6%), 0, 3 (0.8%) and 7 (1.9%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: The InvisiGrip® is highly successful for the removal of the GSV using short inverting stripping. Furthermore, it is simple, safe, associated with good cosmetic results and no preoperative selection of patients is necessary.


1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha E. Smith ◽  
H. B. Newcombe

Empirical tests of the application of computer record linkage methods versus the use of routine clerical searching, for bringing together various vital and ill-health records, have shown that the success rate for the computer operation was higher (98.3 versus 96.7 per cent) and the proportion of false linkages very much lower (0.1 versus 2.3 per cent). The rate at which the ill-health records were processed by the computer was approximately 14,000 per minute of central processor time, representing a cost of a half a cent apiece.Factors affecting the speed, accuracy and cost of computerized record linkage are discussed.


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