Diesel Engine Throttling—The Classical Tool: To Adapt Exhaust Gas Temperature for Emission Control by Catalysts and Filters: From Its Beginning to the State of the Art in Euro 6/VI

Stringent emission regulations (e.g., Euro-6) force automotive manufacturers to equip DPF (diesel particulate filter) on diesel cars. Generally, post injection is used as a method to regenerate DPF. However, it is known that post injection deteriorates specific fuel consumption and causes oil dilution for some operating conditions. Thus, an injection strategy for regeneration becomes one of key technologies for diesel powertrain equipped with a DPF. This paper presents correlations between fuel injection strategy and exhaust gas temperature for DPF regeneration. Experimental apparatus consists of a single cylinder diesel engine, a DC dynamometer, an emission test bench, and an engine control system. In the present study, post injection timing covers from 40 deg aTDC to 110 deg aTDC and double post injection was considered. In addition, effects of injection pressures were investigated. The engine load was varied from low-load to mid-load and fuel amount of post injection was increased up to 10mg/stk. Oil dilution during fuel injection and combustion processes were estimated by diesel loss measured by comparing two global equivalences ratios; one is measured from Lambda sensor installed at exhaust port, the other one is estimated from intake air mass and injected fuel mass. In the present study, the differences in global equivalence ratios were mainly caused from oil dilution during post injection. The experimental results of the present study suggest an optimal engine operating conditions including fuel injection strategy to get appropriate exhaust gas temperature for DPF regeneration. Experimental results of exhaust gas temperature distributions for various engine operating conditions were summarized. In addition, it was revealed that amounts of oil dilution were reduced by splitting post injection (i.e., double post injection). Effects of injection pressure on exhaust gas temperature were dependent on combustion phasing and injection strategies.

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A model-based and experimental approach for the determination of suitable variable valve timings for cold start in partial load operation of a passenger car single-cylinder diesel engine

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/1468087418817119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 141-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P Maniatis ◽

U Wagner ◽

T Koch

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Warm Up ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Engine Efficiency ◽

Residual Gas ◽

Dimensional Simulation ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature

A manipulation of the charge exchange allows controlling the amount of residual gas during engine warm-up. The residual gas during the warm-up phase leads to an increase of the exhaust gas temperature and supports to reach the exhaust after-treatment system operating temperature faster. In addition, the warm residual gas increases the combustion chamber temperature, which reduces the HC and CO emissions. However, fuel consumption increases. For that reason, such heating measures should be the best compromise of both, exhaust gas temperature increase and engine efficiency, in order to provide efficient heating strategies for passenger car diesel engines. Therefore, simulative and experimental investigations are carried out at the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology to establish a reliable cam design methodology. For the experimental investigations, a modern research single-cylinder diesel engine was set up on a test bench. In addition, a one-dimensional simulation model of the experimental setup was created in order to simulate characteristics of valve lift curves and to investigate their effects on the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas enthalpy flow. These simulations were based on design of experiments (DoE), so that all characteristics can be used sustainably for modeling and explaining their influences on the engine operation. This methodology allows numerically investigating promising configurations and deriving cam contours which are manufactured for testing. To assess the potential of these individual configurations, the results obtained were compared with each other as well as with the series configuration. Results show that the combination of DoE and one-dimensional simulation for the design of camshaft contours is well suited which was also validated with experimental results. Furthermore, the potential of residual gas retention by favorable configurations with a second event already revealed in various publications could be confirmed with respect to exhaust gas temperature increase and engine efficiency.

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98/00598 Instantaneous exhaust-gas temperature and velocity for a diesel engine

Fuel and Energy Abstracts ◽

10.1016/s0140-6701(97)85863-8 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature

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Assessment of a Syngas-Diesel Dual Fuelled Compression Ignition Engine

ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/es2010-90218 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bibhuti B. Sahoo ◽

Niranjan Sahoo ◽

Ujjwal K. Saha

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature

Synthesis gas (Syngas), a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, can be manufactured from natural gas, coal, petroleum, biomass, and even from organic wastes. It can substitute fossil diesel as an alternative gaseous fuel in compression ignition engines under dual fuel operation route. Experiments were conducted in a single cylinder, constant speed and direct injection diesel engine fuelled with syngas-diesel in dual fuel mode. The engine is designed to develop a power output of 5.2 kW at its rated speed of 1500 rpm under variable loads with inducted syngas fuel having H2 to CO ratio of 1:1 by volume. Diesel fuel as a pilot was injected into the engine in the conventional manner. The diesel engine was run at varying loads of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. The performance of dual fuel engine is assessed by parameters such as thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, diesel replacement rate, gas flow rate, peak cylinder pressure, exhaust O2 and emissions like NOx, CO and HC. Dual fuel operation showed a decrease in brake thermal efficiency from 16.1% to a maximum of 20.92% at 80% load. The maximum diesel substitution by syngas was found 58.77% at minimum exhaust O2 availability condition of 80% engine load. The NOx level was reduced from 144 ppm to 103 ppm for syngas-diesel mode at the best efficiency point. Due to poor combustion efficiency of dual fuel operation, there were increases in CO and HC emissions throughout the range of engine test loads. The decrease in peak pressure causes the exhaust gas temperature to rise at all loads of dual fuel operation. The present investigation provides some useful indications of using syngas fuel in a diesel engine under dual fuel operation.

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Performance Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled With Avio-Kerosene

Design, Application, Performance and Emissions of Modern Internal Combustion Engine Systems and Components ◽

10.1115/ices2003-0556 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Giancarlo Chiatti ◽

Ornella Chiavola

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Power Output ◽

Pressure Rise ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature

A comparative series of experimental tests has been performed on a 4-stroke multi cylinder indirect injection diesel engine fueled with diesel oil, pure gas-turbine fuel and gas-turbine fuel with additives. The engine has been equipped aimed at monitoring both the overall performances and the variation with time of the pressure in the pre-combustion chamber. Some key parameters have been investigated at different engine speeds and loads (ignition delay, pressure rise in the pre-combustion chamber, power output, specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature) and discussed results are presented.

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Design and Development of Surge Tank for NOx Emission Reduction in B20 Biofueled Diesel Engine

International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems ◽

10.4273/ijvss.12.5.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Jaspreet Hira ◽

Basant Singh Sikarwar ◽

Rohit Sharma ◽

Vikas Kumar ◽

Prakhar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Research Work ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Nox Emission ◽

Intake Manifold ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Surge Tank ◽

Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature

In this research work, a surge tank is developed and utilised in the diesel engine for controlling the NOX emission. This surge tank acts as a damper for fluctuations caused by exhaust gases and also an intercooler in reducing the exhaust gas temperature into the diesel engine intake manifold. With the utilisation of the surge tank, the NOX emission level has been reduced to approximately 50%. The developed surge tank is proved to be effective in maintaining the circulation of water at appropriate temperatures. A trade-off has been established between the engine performance parameters including the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature and all emission parameters including HC and CO.

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The Experimental and Simulation Study of Selective Catalytic Reduction System in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using NH3as a Reducing Agent

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/350185 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar Athrashalil Phaily ◽

Sreekumar Jayachandra Sreekala ◽

Padmanabha Mohanan

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽

Mass Flow ◽

Catalytic Reduction ◽

Pt Catalyst ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Single Cylinder ◽

Induction Rate ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology has been widely used in automotive applications in order to meet the stringent limits on emission standards. The maximum NOxconversion efficiency of an SCR depends on temperature and mass flow rate of an exhaust gas. In order to assess the suitability of Cordierite/Pt catalyst for low temperature application, an experimental work is carried out using single cylinder diesel engine for different load conditions by varying ammonia induction rate from 0.2 kg/hr to 0.8 kg/hr. The simulation is carried out using AVL FIRE for the validation of experimental results. From the study, it has been found that for 0.6 kg/hr ammonia induction rate the maximum conversion is achieved, whereas, for 0.8 kg/hr, conversion is reduced due to desorption of ammonia. Also it has been found that, at 75% of load, for all mass flow rates of ammonia the conversion was drastically reduced due to higher exhaust gas temperature and higher emission of unburnt hydrocarbons. More than 55% of NOxconversion was achieved using Cordierite/Pt catalyst at a temperature of 320°C.

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Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Mahua Biodiesel in Diesel Engine

ISRN Renewable Energy ◽

10.5402/2011/405182 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. Savariraj ◽

T. Ganapathy ◽

C. G. Saravanan

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Performance And Emissions ◽

Hc Emissions ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽

Mahua Biodiesel ◽

No Emissions

Biodiesel derived from nonedible feed stocks such as Mahua, Jatropha, Pongamia are reported to be feasible choices for developing countries including India. This paper presents the results of investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Mahua biodiesel. In this investigation, the blends of varying proportions of Mahua biodiesel and diesel were prepared, analyzed compared with the performance of diesel fuel, and studied using a single cylinder diesel engine. The brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperatures, Co, Hc, No, and smoke emissions were analyzed. The tests showed decrease in the brake thermal efficiencies of the engine as the amount of Mahua biodiesel in the blend increased. The maximum percentage of reduction in BTE (14.3%) was observed for B-100 at full load. The exhaust gas temperature with the blends decreased as the proportion of Mahua increases in the blend. The smoke, Co, and No emissions of the engine were increased with the blends at all loads. However, Hc emissions of Mahua biodiesels were less than that of diesel.

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