Alternate Wetting and Drying System for Water Management in Rice

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Khuram Mubeen ◽  
Khawar Jabran
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Drying System

scholarly journals Early season N<sub>2</sub>O emissions under variable water management in rice systems: source-partitioning emissions using isotope ratios along a depth profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Verhoeven ◽  
Matti Barthel ◽  
Longfei Yu ◽  
Luisella Celi ◽  
Daniel Said-Pullicino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
N2o Reduction ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Soil Redox Potential ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Abstract. Soil moisture strongly affects the balance between nitrification, denitrification and N2O reduction and therefore the nitrogen (N) efficiency and N losses in agricultural systems. In rice systems, there is a need to improve alternative water management practices, which are designed to save water and reduce methane emissions but may increase N2O and decrease nitrogen use efficiency. In a field experiment with three water management treatments, we measured N2O isotope ratios of emitted and pore air N2O (δ15N, δ18O and site preference, SP) over the course of 6 weeks in the early rice growing season. Isotope ratio measurements were coupled with simultaneous measurements of pore water NO3-, NH4+, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil redox potential (Eh) at three soil depths. We then used the relationship between SP × δ18O-N2O and SP × δ15N-N2O in simple two end-member mixing models to evaluate the contribution of nitrification, denitrification and fungal denitrification to total N2O emissions and to estimate N2O reduction rates. N2O emissions were higher in a dry-seeded + alternate wetting and drying (DS-AWD) treatment relative to water-seeded + alternate wetting and drying (WS-AWD) and water-seeded + conventional flooding (WS-FLD) treatments. In the DS-AWD treatment the highest emissions were associated with a high contribution from denitrification and a decrease in N2O reduction, while in the WS treatments, the highest emissions occurred when contributions from denitrification/nitrifier denitrification and nitrification/fungal denitrification were more equal. Modeled denitrification rates appeared to be tightly linked to nitrification and NO3- availability in all treatments; thus, water management affected the rate of denitrification and N2O reduction by controlling the substrate availability for each process (NO3- and N2O), likely through changes in mineralization and nitrification rates. Our model estimates of mean N2O reduction rates match well those observed in 15N fertilizer labeling studies in rice systems and show promise for the use of dual isotope ratio mixing models to estimate N2 losses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of biochar applications combined with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management in rice field as a methane mitigation option for farmers’ adoption

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patikorn Sriphirom ◽  
Amnat Chidthaisong ◽  
Kazuyuki Yagi ◽  
Sudarut Tripetchkul ◽  
Sirintornthep Towprayoon
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Mitigation Option ◽  
Methane Mitigation ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Paddy Rice with Water-Saving Irrigation and Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Primitiva Mboyerwa ◽  
Kibebew Kibret ◽  
Peter Mtakwa ◽  
Abebe Aschalew
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Rice production in Tanzania, with 67% of its territory considered semi-dry and having average annual rainfall of 300 mm, must be increased to feed an ever-growing population. Water for irrigation and low soil fertility are among the main challenges. One way to decrease water consumption in paddy fields is to change the irrigation regime for rice production, replacing continuous flooding with alternate wetting and drying. In order to assess the impact of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilizer applications on growth, yield, and water productivity of rice, a greenhouse pot experiment with soil from lowland rice ecology was conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania during the 2019 cropping season. The experiment was split-plot based on randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. Water regimes were the main factors comparing continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) with nitrogen fertilizer levels as the subfactor, comparing absolute control (no fertilizer) with 0 (P and K fertilizers), 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg Nha−1. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly improved water productivity by 8.3% over CF (p < 0.05). Water productivity (WP) ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 kg of rice per m3 of water. Average water use ranged from 36 to 82 L per season, and water saving was up to 34.3%. Alternate wetting and drying significantly improved yields (p < 0.05) by 13.3%, and the yield ranged from 21.8 to 118.2 g pot−1. The combination of AWD water management and 60 kg N ha−1 nitrogen fertilization application was found to be the optimal management, however there was no significant difference between 60 and 90 kg N ha−1, in which case 60 kg N ha−1 is recommended because it lowers costs and raises net income. Nitrogen levels significantly affected water productivity, water use, and number of irrigations. Nitrogen levels had significant effect (p < 0.05) on plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, total tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle weight, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, straw yield, grain yield, and grain harvest index. The results showed that less water can be used to produce more crops under alternative wetting and drying irrigation practices. The results are important for water-scarce areas, providing useful information to policy makers, farmers, agricultural departments, and water management boards in devising future climate-smart adaptation and mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency and Physiological Response of Rice Cultivars under Alternate Wetting and Drying Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunbo Zhang ◽  
Qiyuan Tang ◽  
Shaobing Peng ◽  
Danying Xing ◽  
Jianquan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Use Efficiency

One of the technology options that can help farmers cope with water scarcity at the field level is alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Limited information is available on the varietal responses to nitrogen, AWD, and their interactions. Field experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) farm in 2009 dry season (DS), 2009 wet season (WS), and 2010 DS to determine genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice under two N rates and two water management treatments. Grain yield was not significantly different between AWD and continuous flooding (CF) across the three seasons. Interactive effects among variety, water management, and N rate were not significant. The high yield was attributed to the significantly higher grain weight, which in turn was due to slower grain filling and high leaf N at the later stage of grain filling of CF. AWD treatments accelerated the grain filling rate, shortened grain filling period, and enhanced whole plant senescence. Under normal dry-season conditions, such as 2010 DS, AWD reduced water input by 24.5% than CF; however, it decreased grain yield by 6.9% due to accelerated leaf senescence. The study indicates that proper water management greatly contributes to grain yield in the late stage of grain filling, and it is critical for safe AWD technology.

Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of fine rice cultivars under alternate wetting and drying system

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ahmad Latif Virk ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Drying System
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