scholarly journals Influence of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield and Water Productivity of Rice under Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Method of Water Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 3307-3311
Author(s):  
P. Srinivasulu ◽  
V. Ramulu ◽  
M. Uma Devi ◽  
G. Sreenivas
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Paddy Rice with Water-Saving Irrigation and Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Primitiva Mboyerwa ◽  
Kibebew Kibret ◽  
Peter Mtakwa ◽  
Abebe Aschalew
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Rice production in Tanzania, with 67% of its territory considered semi-dry and having average annual rainfall of 300 mm, must be increased to feed an ever-growing population. Water for irrigation and low soil fertility are among the main challenges. One way to decrease water consumption in paddy fields is to change the irrigation regime for rice production, replacing continuous flooding with alternate wetting and drying. In order to assess the impact of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilizer applications on growth, yield, and water productivity of rice, a greenhouse pot experiment with soil from lowland rice ecology was conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania during the 2019 cropping season. The experiment was split-plot based on randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. Water regimes were the main factors comparing continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) with nitrogen fertilizer levels as the subfactor, comparing absolute control (no fertilizer) with 0 (P and K fertilizers), 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg Nha−1. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly improved water productivity by 8.3% over CF (p < 0.05). Water productivity (WP) ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 kg of rice per m3 of water. Average water use ranged from 36 to 82 L per season, and water saving was up to 34.3%. Alternate wetting and drying significantly improved yields (p < 0.05) by 13.3%, and the yield ranged from 21.8 to 118.2 g pot−1. The combination of AWD water management and 60 kg N ha−1 nitrogen fertilization application was found to be the optimal management, however there was no significant difference between 60 and 90 kg N ha−1, in which case 60 kg N ha−1 is recommended because it lowers costs and raises net income. Nitrogen levels significantly affected water productivity, water use, and number of irrigations. Nitrogen levels had significant effect (p < 0.05) on plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, total tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle weight, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, straw yield, grain yield, and grain harvest index. The results showed that less water can be used to produce more crops under alternative wetting and drying irrigation practices. The results are important for water-scarce areas, providing useful information to policy makers, farmers, agricultural departments, and water management boards in devising future climate-smart adaptation and mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizer and Manure on the Growth, Yield and Grain Nutrient Concentration of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Different Water Management Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM AL Fakhrul Islam ◽  
Md Asaduzzaman Khan ◽  
ASM Fazle Bari ◽  
MT Hosain ◽  
M Sabikunnaher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding

The experiment was conducted in the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University research farm, Dhaka, Bangladesh during December 2010 to April 2011 to study the effect of fertilizer and manure with different water management on the growth, yield and nutrient concentration of BRRI dhan28. The experiment consisted of 2 factors i.e. irrigation and fertilizer plus manure. There were 2 irrigation levels (I0= Alternate wetting and drying, I1= Continuous flooding) and 8 fertilizer treatment (T0: control, T1: 100% RDCF, (N100P15K45S20Zn2), T2: 10 ton cowdung/ha, T3: 50% RDCF + 5 ton cowdung/ha, T4: 8 ton poultry manure/ha, T5: 50% RDCF + 4 ton poultry manure/ha, T6: 10 ton vermicompost/ha, T7: 50% RDCF + 5 ton vermicompost/ha). There were 16 treatment combinations and 3 replications. Irrigation had no significant effect on the yield and yield parameters of BRRI dhan 28. The yield contributing characters and yields were significantly influenced by applied fertilizer and manure. The T5 (50% RDCF + 4 ton poultry manure/ha) showed the highest effective tillers/hill, plant height, panicle length, 1000 grain wt., grain yield (5.92 kg/plot) and straw yield (5.91 kg/plot). The higher grain and straw yields were obtained organic manure plus inorganic fertilizers than full dose of chemical fertilizer and manure. The highest grain (5.93 kg/plot) and straw yields (6.42 kg/plot) were recorded from I0T5 (Alternate wetting and drying + 50% RDCF plus 4 ton poultry manure/ha) and the lowest was found in I1T0 (Continuous flooding + control treatment) treatment combination. The highest concentrations of grain and straw N, P, K, S were recorded in T5 treatment. The levels of organic matter and nutrient concentration were increased in the post harvest soils due to added manure plus inorganic fertilizer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17486 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 44-51

scholarly journals Refinement of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Method for Rice Cultivation

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Lal Chandra Paul ◽  
MA Rashid ◽  
Mousumi Paul
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Below Ground

Experiments were conducted at BRRI farm Gazipur during Boro season 2010-12 to determine maximum depth of water level below ground surface in alternate wetting and drying (AWD) method. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four irrigation treatments. The treatments of AWD method were: T1 = continuous standing water, T2 = irrigation when water level reached 15 cm below ground level, T3 = irrigation when water level reached 20 cm below ground level and T4 = irrigation when water level reached 50 cm below ground level. The experiment involved BRRI dhan28 as a test crop. The treatment T2 gave the highest grain yield (5.9 and 6.2 ton/ha) in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Maximum benefits per hectare were found Tk. 5476 and 4931 for using 807 and 880 mm water during 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively and thus water productivity was 7.1 kg/ha-mm in T2 for both the seasons. Continuous standing (T1) water (1013 and 1100 mm) gave comparable grain yield 5.7 and 6.0 ton/ha in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Minimum water productivity was found in treatment T1 (5.6 and 5.4 kg/ha-mm) for both the seasons. Application of irrigation when water was 15 cm below soil surface was found most profitable in AWD system and the grain yield was decreased when water level was below 15 cm depth. Therefore, the recommended AWD technology could increase rice yield and save irrigation water by 25-30 percent.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v17i1-2.20899Bangladesh Rice j. 2013, 17(1&2): 33-37

scholarly journals Early season N<sub>2</sub>O emissions under variable water management in rice systems: source-partitioning emissions using isotope ratios along a depth profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Verhoeven ◽  
Matti Barthel ◽  
Longfei Yu ◽  
Luisella Celi ◽  
Daniel Said-Pullicino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
N2o Reduction ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Soil Redox Potential ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying

Abstract. Soil moisture strongly affects the balance between nitrification, denitrification and N2O reduction and therefore the nitrogen (N) efficiency and N losses in agricultural systems. In rice systems, there is a need to improve alternative water management practices, which are designed to save water and reduce methane emissions but may increase N2O and decrease nitrogen use efficiency. In a field experiment with three water management treatments, we measured N2O isotope ratios of emitted and pore air N2O (δ15N, δ18O and site preference, SP) over the course of 6 weeks in the early rice growing season. Isotope ratio measurements were coupled with simultaneous measurements of pore water NO3-, NH4+, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), water-filled pore space (WFPS) and soil redox potential (Eh) at three soil depths. We then used the relationship between SP × δ18O-N2O and SP × δ15N-N2O in simple two end-member mixing models to evaluate the contribution of nitrification, denitrification and fungal denitrification to total N2O emissions and to estimate N2O reduction rates. N2O emissions were higher in a dry-seeded + alternate wetting and drying (DS-AWD) treatment relative to water-seeded + alternate wetting and drying (WS-AWD) and water-seeded + conventional flooding (WS-FLD) treatments. In the DS-AWD treatment the highest emissions were associated with a high contribution from denitrification and a decrease in N2O reduction, while in the WS treatments, the highest emissions occurred when contributions from denitrification/nitrifier denitrification and nitrification/fungal denitrification were more equal. Modeled denitrification rates appeared to be tightly linked to nitrification and NO3- availability in all treatments; thus, water management affected the rate of denitrification and N2O reduction by controlling the substrate availability for each process (NO3- and N2O), likely through changes in mineralization and nitrification rates. Our model estimates of mean N2O reduction rates match well those observed in 15N fertilizer labeling studies in rice systems and show promise for the use of dual isotope ratio mixing models to estimate N2 losses.

GRAIN YIELD PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND AND LOWLAND RICE VARIETIES UNDER WATER SAVING IRRIGATION THROUGH ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING IN SANDY CLAY LOAMS OF SOUTHERN MALAWI

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. SHAIBU ◽  
H. R. MLOZA BANDA ◽  
C. N. MAKWIZA ◽  
J. CHIDANTI MALUNGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Significant Yield

SUMMARYA study was conducted to evaluate performance of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under water saving irrigation through alternate wetting and drying in sandy clay loams of Southern Malawi. The varieties, Nunkile and NERICA 4, are adapted to upland and lowland irrigated conditions, individually, and commonly grown by farmers. Four irrigation regimes were used in the study: (1) continuous flooding with surface water level kept at approximately 5 cm throughout crop duration (CFI), (2) alternate wetting and drying up to start of flowering after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD1), (3) alternate wetting and drying up to start of grain filling after which continuous flooding was applied (AWD2) and (4) alternate wetting and drying throughout the crop duration (AWD3). While seasonal crop water requirement was 690 mm, total irrigation depths were 1923.61, 1307.81, 1160.61 and 807.87 mm for the four regimes respectively. The CFI treatment used 32%, 40% and 58% more water than AWD1, AWD2, and AWD3 regimes respectively. In the same treatment order, the average yields per treatment for Nunkile were 4.92, 4.75, 4.74, and 4.47 t ha−1 with significant yield differences among CFI, AWD2 and AWD3 treatments. The average yields per treatment for NERICA 4 were 3.93, 3.75, 3.75, and 3.71 t ha−1 with significant yield differences only between CFI and all AWD treatments. Crop water productivity (CWP) was higher for Nunkile compared with NERICA 4 across all irrigation treatments, while CWP for CFI treatment was superior to all three AWD treatments grown under either variety. Thus, CWP was not increased with AWD irrigations. AWD till flowering and grain filling did not significantly differ with respect to yield and CWP. It is suggested that for similar conditions and where water is scarce, rice can be grown by AWD till grain filling as it saved more water. An important part of the research is to extend the initial results beyond the climate and soils of study.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Production and Partitioning in Different Plant Parts of Rice Cultivars under Irrigation Regimes and Systems of Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Venkataravana Nayaka ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
R. Mahender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crop Growth Stages

Background: Growth and yield characteristics of genotypes depend on genetic and environmental factors. Among the different production factors, varietal selection at any location plays an important role. Proper crop management depends on the growth characteristics of various varieties to get maximum benefit from new genetic material. Among the different water- saving irrigation methods in rice, the most widely adopted is alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Many of the rice cultivars vary in their performance under different systems of cultivation.Methods: A field experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil at Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. to study the “productivity and water use efficiency of rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation” The treatments consisted of two irrigation regimes Alternate wetting and drying and Saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Drum Seeding (DS) and Normal transplanting (NTP) as sub plot treatments and four Cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications.Result: At 60, 90 DAS/DAT and harvest significantly dry matter production (DMP) was recorded with DRR Dhan 43 cultivar (607, 4320 and 11548 kg ha-1 respectively in pooled means of both 2017 and 2018) than other cultivars. Whereas MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 recorded on par dry matter production values at all the crop growth stages during both the years of study. However, DRR Dhan 42 produced the lowest dry matter production compared to other genotypes. DRR Dhan 43 recorded higher dry matter accumulation (g m-2) in root, stem and leaves at all the crop growth stages, during both the years of the study over other cultivars. Alternative wetting and drying method of irrigation recorded significantly higher DMP at all the growth stages of rice (60, 90 DAS/DAT and at harvest) except at 30 DAS/DAT during both 2017 and 2018 as compared to saturation. SRI recorded significantly higher DMP as compared to normal transplanting; however, it was comparably at par with drum seeding at all the growth stages.

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