Ontogenetic changes in photosynthetic capacity and dry matter production of flag wheat leaves during the grain filling period

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Araus ◽  
L. Tapia ◽  
R. Calafell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Growth and productivity of irrigated Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) in northern Australia. I. Plant density and arrangement effects on light interception and distribution, and grain yield, in the hybrid Texas 610SR in low and medium latitudes

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Muchow ◽  
DB Coates ◽  
GL Wilson ◽  
MA Foale
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The influence of plant arrangement and density on yield of the grain sorghum hybrid Texas 610SR grown as an irrigated dry season crop in the Ord Irrigation Area (lat. 16�S) was determined. Neither the rate of dry matter production nor the pattern of partitioning of dry matter during grain-filling varied between treatments, and grain yield was unresponsive to row spacings below 75 cm and densities above 267000 plants ha-1. The results were analysed by considering the effect of radiation interception and distribution in the canopy on dry matter production. The opportunity was then taken to compare this trial, and two others conducted at the same low latitude where grain yield was unresponsive to density, with four trials conducted at higher latitudes (27�S.) where Texas 610SR was very responsive to density. The effect is shown to be associated with radiation penetration into canopies. In the low latitude trials the poorer penetration of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) into high density stands could have resulted from lack of structural adjustment of the canopy, in contrast to the experience at medium latitude. Equally, there may have been an effect of lower solar angles at low latitude, resulting in the poorer PAR distribution. The consequence was a failure of response of dry matter production to increasing density, reflected in grain yield.

The Effects of Shading on the Growth and Photosynthetic Capacity of Itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Matter Production

The effects of shade on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of the exotic noxious weed itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltataL. f.) were determined under controlled environment conditions. The plants were grown at day/night temperatures of 29/23 C under 100, 60, 25, and 2% sunlight in a climate-controlled greenhouse. Mathematical growth analysis techniques were used to evaluate the effects of shading on dry matter production and leaf area production. Infrared gas analysis and diffusion porometry techniques were used to evaluate the effects of shading on photosynthesis and stomatal resistance. Shading markedly reduced dry matter production. At 40 days after planting, plants grown in 2, 25, and 60% sunlight had 0.3, 16, and 55%, respectively, of the dry weight of the plants grown at 100% sunlight. Leaf area production was less severely retarded by shading; the plants grown at 2, 25, and 60% sunlight had, respectively, 1.7, 42, and 99% of the leaf area of the plants grown at 100% sunlight. Ambient photosynthetic rates of recently expanded, single, fully exposed leaves were 22.5, 51.6, and 65.5 mg CO2dm-2h-1in the 25, 60, and 100% sunlight treatments, respectively. Photosynthetic rates at saturating irradiance did not differ significantly in plants grown at 25, 60, or 100% sunlight and ranged from 76.4 to 78.0 mg CO2dm-2h-1. Stomatal resistances, ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 s cm-1, also did not differ significantly among these plants. In terms of dry matter production, itchgrass is a shade-intolerant plant. However, even when grown in shade, itchgrass maintains the capacity for high photosynthetic rates and high growth rates when subsequently exposed to high irradiance. These characteristics help explain its competitiveness with crop species.

scholarly journals Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Mitigates the Decline in Grain Filling of Basmati 370 Due to Low Temperature in Tropical Highlands

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kakehashi ◽  
Mayumi Kikuta ◽  
Daniel Makori Menge ◽  
Emily Waringa Gichuhi ◽  
Hiroaki Samejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Tropical Highlands ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Matter Production

In the rice growing area of Kenya’s highlands, the development of a water-saving rice cultivation system is a key strategy because the shortage of irrigation water is a frequently occurring problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on the growth and yield of rice under the unique cultivation environment of tropical highlands. Field experiments were performed over a period of four years (2014–2017) in a paddy field. Dry matter production of a lowland variety, Basmati 370, was greater under continuous flooding (CF) than under AWD. In years with low minimum temperature (less than 15 °C) during the reproductive and ripening stages, filled grain ratios were significantly higher under AWD than under CF. Accordingly, higher dry matter production under CF did not contribute to grain yield. In the years when rice was not exposed to low minimum temperature during the reproductive and ripening stages, filled grain ratio did not decrease even under CF. Therefore, there was no difference between filled grain ratio under AWD and CF. Our results indicated that AWD could mitigate the decline in grain filling, induced by low minimum temperature during the reproductive and ripening stages in Basmati 370, under the cultivation conditions in tropical highlands. Although AWD may reduce the above-ground biomass, its mitigation effect on grain filling could outweigh this drawback and can still be beneficial to rice farmers in the tropical highlands.

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