The inheritance of resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida PA3 in wild Solanum species with broad spectrum resistance

SUMMARYThe inheritance of resistance to Globodera pallida was studied in seedling progenies derived from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802 (H3) and S. vernei and compared with resistance to G. rostochiensis derived from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 1673(H1). The resistance of CPC 2802 was originally thought to be due to a major gene (H3), but results presented here demonstrate that it and that derived from S. vernei are inherited in a similar manner quite distinct from the major gene inheritance from CPC 1673 (HI). It is concluded that the resistances derived from CPC 2802 and S. vernei are both polygenic in nature. These findings are discussed in relation to breeding policy and screening methods.

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The Golden Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis Pathotype Ro1 in the Saint-Amable Regulated Area in Quebec, Canada

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-10-0584 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 1510-1510 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Mahran ◽

S. Turner ◽

T. Martin ◽

Q. Yu ◽

S. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Solanum Species ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Wild Solanum Species ◽

Randomized Design

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behren, is an economically important parasite of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) and is recognized as a quarantine pest internationally (2). This pest attacks potato plants and causes stunting of the haulm and the root system, leaf yellowing, and tuber yield losses (2). The pathotype scheme proposed by Kort et al. distinguishes five pathotypes (Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro4, and Ro5) of G. rostochiensis using differential Solanum clones (1). Several resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been identified in wild Solanum species confer resistance to different G. rostochiensis pathotypes and have been introgressed into commercial potato cultivars (2). Determining G. rostochiensis pathotype(s) is essential to implement efficient management strategies, which include using resistant potato varieties. G. rostochiensis was discovered in the municipality of Saint-Amable, Quebec (QC), Canada in 2006 (3) and was subsequently characterized (4). In this study, cysts were collected from 11 representative infested fields and confirmed to be G. rostochiensis (3). The pathotypes of these nematodes were assessed on seven differential clones (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum cv. Desiree, S. tuberosum × S. andigena cv. Maris Piper, S. kurtzianum hybrid 60.21.19, S. vernei hybrid 62.33.3, S. vernei hybrid 58.1642/4, S. vernei hybrid 65.346/19, and S. multidissectum hybrid P55/7) in 2007 and 2009. Briefly, in each 1-liter plastic pot containing 907 g (2 lbs) of soil (3:1 loam/grit v v-1), a single differential Solanum clone was planted and 15 cysts from 1 of 11 fields were inoculated. Five replicates were set up for each Solanum-nematode combination and the pots were arranged in a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at 22°C with a 16-h light period per day. Nine weeks after inoculation, cysts were extracted from each pot and counted. Reproduction factor (Rf) for each replicate was calculated (Rf = Pf/Pi; Pf is the final cyst number and Pi is the initial cyst number added to each pot). Rf values were used to categorize the differential clones into two groups, “susceptible” leading to increase in nematode numbers (Rf > 1) and “resistant” resulting in decrease in nematode numbers (Rf ≤ 1) (1). Our results in 2007 and 2009 were consistent and the pathotype of the nematodes collected from all the fields were identified as Ro1. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the pathotype of G. rostochiensis in the Saint-Amable regulated area was identified. Accordingly, potato cultivars carrying genes or QTL resistant to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 can be used to reduce the nematode numbers in infested fields in the Saint-Amable area, QC. References: (1) J. Kort et al. Nematologica 23:333, 1977. (2) R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution, and Control. 1st ed. CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) F. Sun et al. Plant Dis. 91:908, 2007. (4) Q. Yu et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 32:264, 2010.

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A high-resolution map of the Grp1 locus on chromosome V of potato harbouring broad-spectrum resistance to the cyst nematode species Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-009-1026-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anna Finkers-Tomczak ◽

Sarah Danan ◽

Thijs van Dijk ◽

Amelework Beyene ◽

Liesbeth Bouwman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Globodera Rostochiensis ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽

High Resolution Map ◽

Resolution Map

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Life stage responses observed amongst fifteen wild Solanum species resistant to Globodera pallida

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854105775142955 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 701-711

Author(s):

Vivian Blok ◽

Glenn Bryan ◽

Mark Phillips ◽

Lydia Castelli ◽

Gavin Ramsay

Keyword(s):

Life Stage ◽

Solanum Species ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Wild Solanum Species ◽

New Genes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Reduced Rate ◽

Wild Solanum

AbstractThe resistance responses present in 15 wild Solanum species to the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida were investigated, focusing on hatch, invasion, development, sex determination and fecundity. A wide range of resistance responses was observed among the species, which impacted at different points in the life cycle of G. pallida. For most species a reduced rate of development and subsequent shifts towards an increased male to female ratio, indicative of a poor nutritional host, were observed. However, S. acaule ssp. acaule and S. canasense appeared to possess unique resistance responses, and may comprise valuable sources of new genes for incorporation into potato breeding programmes.

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Investigation of resistance specificity amongst fifteen wild Solanum species to a range of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis populations

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854105775143017 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 689-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gavin Ramsay ◽

Glenn Bryan ◽

Lydia Castelli ◽

Mark Phillips ◽

Vivian Blok

Keyword(s):

Potato Breeding ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Solanum Species ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Wild Solanum Species ◽

Resistance Specificity ◽

Potato Breeding Programme ◽

Wild Solanum

AbstractThe breadth of resistance to populations of the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, which differed both in virulence level and country of origin, was investigated in 15 wild Solanum species. A range of responses to the populations was noted, with significant interactions observed between the potato genotypes and Globodera populations assayed. Of the 15 wild Solanum species, seven appeared to be potentially valuable sources of wide spectrum resistance with low multiplication rates with all populations recorded. The inclusion of these species into a potato breeding programme is justified by this study.

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Genetic characterization of qSCN10 from an exotic soybean accession PI 567516C reveals a novel source conferring broad-spectrum resistance to soybean cyst nematode

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-020-03736-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lijuan Zhou ◽

Li Song ◽

Yun Lian ◽

Heng Ye ◽

Mariola Usovsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Soybean Accession ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽

Pi 567516C

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The presence of Phytophthora infestans in the rhizosphere of a wild Solanum species may contribute to off-season survival and pathogenicity

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

pp. 103475 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽

Laura Masini ◽

Rebecca McDougal ◽

Preeti Panda ◽

Levine de Zinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Solanum Species ◽

Wild Solanum Species ◽

Wild Solanum

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The ability of rhizosphere bacteria isolated from nematode host and non-host plants to influence the hatch in vitro of the two potato cyst nematode species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽

10.1163/1568541042360528 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 375-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. Aileen Ryan ◽

Peter Jones

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Host Plant ◽

Host Plants ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacillus Spp

AbstractSeventy bacteria, isolated from the rhizosphere of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) host plant, potato, were cultured in the presence and absence of potato root leachate (PRL) and the resultant culture filtrates were analysed for their ability to affect the hatch in vitro of the two PCN species. Of the isolates tested, nine had a significant effect on PCN hatch. Six affected Globodera pallida hatch and three affected G. rostochiensis hatch. Five of the isolates significantly increased hatch only when cultured in the presence of PRL. Three of the isolates decreased PCN hatch significantly in PRL. Only one isolate increased hatch significantly in the absence of PRL. No isolate affected the hatch of both species. Six of the nine isolates that significantly affected PCN hatch had been pre-selected by culturing on PRL. Bacterial isolates from PCN non-hosts (14 from wheat, 17 from sugar beet) were also tested for hatching activity. The principal effect of the hatch-active isolates from the PCN non-host plants was to increase PCN hatch in the presence of PRL. In contrast to the host bacteria results, the isolates from non-host plants affected only G. rostochiensis hatch (three wheat isolates and four sugar beet isolates significantly increased G. rostochiensis hatch); no such isolate affected G. pallida hatch significantly in the presence of PRL. Ten isolates (32%) from non-host plants had the ability to increase significantly the hatch of PCN in the absence of PRL (eight of these affected G. rostochiensis hatch and four affected G. pallida hatch), compared to only one bacterial isolate (1%) from a host plant. The majority of the isolates from non-hosts produced PCN species-specific effects, as with the bacteria isolated from potatoes, although two wheat isolates increased the hatch of both species significantly in the absence of PRL. Of 20 hatch-active bacterial isolates (from all three plants) identified, 70% were Bacillus spp. Other genera identified were Arthrobacter , Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus .

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The Genomic Impact of Selection for Virulence against Resistance in the Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera pallida

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11121429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1429

Author(s):

Kyriakos Varypatakis ◽

Pierre-Yves Véronneau ◽

Peter Thorpe ◽

Peter J. A. Cock ◽

Joanne Tze-Yin Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potato Industry ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Potato Cyst Nematode ◽

Globodera Pallida ◽

Genomic Islands ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Management Approach ◽

Resistance Sources ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Avr Genes

Although the use of natural resistance is the most effective management approach against the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida, the existence of pathotypes with different virulence characteristics constitutes a constraint towards this goal. Two resistance sources, GpaV (from Solanum vernei) and H3 from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC2802 (from the Commonwealth Potato Collection) are widely used in potato breeding programmes in European potato industry. However, the use of resistant cultivars may drive strong selection towards virulence, which allows the increase in frequency of virulent alleles in the population and therefore, the emergence of highly virulent nematode lineages. This study aimed to identify Avirulence (Avr) genes in G. pallida populations selected for virulence on the above resistance sources, and the genomic impact of selection processes on the nematode. The selection drive in the populations was found to be specific to their genetic background. At the genomic level, 11 genes were found that represent candidate Avr genes. Most of the variant calls determining selection were associated with H3-selected populations, while many of them seem to be organised in genomic islands facilitating selection evolution. These phenotypic and genomic findings combined with histological studies performed revealed potential mechanisms underlying selection in G. pallida.

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