Effects of air pollutants on the photosynthetic capacity of young Norway spruce trees. Response of single needle age classes during and after different treatments with O3, SO2, or NO2

Trees ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F�hrer ◽  
H.-D. Payer ◽  
H. Pfanz
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age

Relation between leaf biomass and annual ring sapwood of Norway spruce according to needle age-class

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1822-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitezslav Dvorak ◽  
Magda Oplustilova ◽  
Dalibor Janous
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pipe Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between leaf biomass and sapwood area was investigated in a 35-year-old Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) stand in mountainous conditions. Fifteen trees were destructively sampled to determine the needle biomass in several needle age-classes and whorls and the corresponding sapwood areas at the whorl branch bases and in stems at breast height. Leaf biomass/sapwood area ratio and specific leaf biomass (g•mm−2) were calculated for different needle age-classes and also for different positions in the vertical profile of the crown. The leaf biomass/sapwood area ratios were described by linear regression with a high coefficient of determination. Specific leaf biomass analysed in whorl branches was highest in the upper whorls but was decreasing downward through the profile; remained stable in the middle crown layer; and decreased again in the lower crown parts. Specific leaf biomass assessments for stems showed the largest and most increasing values in the youngest three needle age-classes followed by a decreasing trend of the specific leaf biomass in older needle age-classes. The mean values of specific leaf biomass were 1.08 g•mm−2 for branches and 1.02 g•mm−2 for stems. The results of our study are consistent with the "pipe model theory."

scholarly journals The concentration of Ca, Sr, Ba and Mn in successive needle age classes of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]

Trees ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Wyttenbach ◽  
Sixto Bajo ◽  
J�rg Bucher ◽  
Verena Furrer ◽  
Patrick Schleppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age

scholarly journals Allometric relationships for surface area and dry mass of young Norway spruce aboveground organs

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pokorný ◽  
I. Tomášková
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Leaf Mass

Tree-level allometric functions for a precise predicting of stem, branch and leaf mass and surface area of three needle-shoot age classes were estimated from measurements of crown and stem dimensions in 34 harvested Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) trees. Trees were grown within a 16-years-old stand in the Beskids Mountains. The results showed stem parameters (stem diameter at breast height – dbh, stem volume – Vs and stem sapwood area – SA) to be highly correlated (<I>r</I> > 0.98) with stem mass/area and total aboveground mass of tree. Crown parameters – volume (Cv) and surface area (Ca) were the best predictors for individual branch and needle age-classes mass (<I>r</I> > 0.92) or area (<I>r</I> > 0.85), specifically for mass and surface areas of young branches and needles. dbh most correctly predicted the branch and leaf mass/surface area of older (> 2 years) shoots. The measured parameters: dbh, SA, tree height, crown length, Ca and Cv showed a high dependence on the tree position within the stand (<I>r</I> > –0.81). Thus, these parameters could be modified by silviculture.

Scots pine needles as bioindicators of sulphur deposition

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1559-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirkku Manninen ◽  
Satu Huttunen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Sulphur Deposition ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Surface Waxes

The ranges of total S content in the two youngest needle age-classes of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) in the vicinity of an oil refinery were 1120–2267 μg•g−1 in December 1980, 902–2003 μg•g−1 in January 1986, and 1120–1820 μg•g−1 in December 1989, and annual mean SO2 concentrations were 20–68, 14–34, and 2–32 μg•m−3, respectively. A statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001) was found between needle total S content and the estimated SO2 load, i.e., the total monthly mean SO2 concentrations (r = 0.815) and the highest or second highest daily SO2 concentrations of each month (r = 0.910 or 0.849). It seems that, under conditions of SO2 pollution stress, the needle S content is greatly affected by the high short-term (24 h) SO2 concentrations and newly flushed young needles may absorb S very effectively. The erosion of needle surface waxes typical of areas polluted by SO2 and particle emissions was observed. The results indicate that in areas where the climate is similar to that in southern Finland, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe draft critical levels of 70 μg SO2•m−3 as a daily mean and 20 μg SO2•m−3 as an annual and winter mean, especially in combination with other air pollutants, may result in enhanced S accumulation and needle damage.

The accumulation of the rare earth elements and of scandium in successive needle age classes of Norway spruce

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Wyttenbach ◽  
Patrik Schleppi ◽  
Jürg Bucher ◽  
Verena Furrer ◽  
Leonhard Tobler
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
The Rare Earth

scholarly journals Foliage Biophysical Trait Prediction from Laboratory Spectra in Norway Spruce Is More Affected by Needle Age Than by Site Soil Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Veronika Kopačková-Strnadová ◽  
Filip Oulehle ◽  
Lucie Homolová ◽  
Eva Neuwirthová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Trait Prediction

Scaling leaf-level optical signals to the canopy level is essential for airborne and satellite-based forest monitoring. In evergreen trees, biophysical and optical traits may change as foliage ages. This study aims to evaluate the effect of age in Norway spruce needle on biophysical trait-prediction based on laboratory leaf-level spectra. Mature Norway spruce trees were sampled at forest stands in ten headwater catchments with different soil properties. Foliage biophysical traits (pigments, phenolics, lignin, cellulose, leaf mass per area, water, and nitrogen content) were assessed for three needle-age classes. Complementary samples for needle reflectance and transmittance were measured using an integrating sphere. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models were constructed for predicting needle biophysical traits from reflectance—separating needle age classes and assessing all age classes together. The ten study sites differed in soil properties rather than in needle biophysical traits. Optical properties consistently varied among age classes; however, variation related to the soil conditions was less pronounced. The predictive power of PLSR models was needle-age dependent for all studied traits. The following traits were predicted with moderate accuracy: needle pigments, phenolics, leaf mass per area and water content. PLSR models always performed better if all needle age classes were included (rather than individual age classes separately). This also applied to needle-age independent traits (water and lignin). Thus, we recommend including not only current but also older needle traits as a ground truth for evergreen conifers with long needle lifespan.

The photosynthetic capacity, nutrient content, and nutrient use efficiency of different needle age-classes of black spruce (Piceamariana) found in interior Alaska

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hom ◽  
W. C. Oechel
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

The photosynthetic capacity of different needle age-classes of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill) B.S.P.) was studied using 14C labelling on whole branches at a site near Fairbanks, Alaska. Black spruce had highest photosynthetic rates in the 1-year-old tissue with the four most current age-classes showing similar high rates before declining with age. Older needles were found to maintain 40% of maximum photosynthetic rates after 13 seasons. Highest level of nitrogen was found in current needles with the first eight age-classes maintaining high levels before declining to 70% of maximum values in the oldest needles. Phosphorus levels were much higher in current tissue with a gradual decline after the 1-year-old tissue to a value of 55% of maximum values in the oldest tissue. Nutrient use efficiency was found to be highest in the 1-year-old tissue and declined with needle age. The loss of nutrient use efficiency may be due to the use of older tissue as aboveground nutrient stores, a decline in the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of the needles, or an increase in the leaf specific weight. Black spruce has adapted to the low nutrient availability with low photosynthetic rates and low nutrient contents. Greater longevity of the needles would maximize the photosynthetic return per unit nitrogen invested in the needles.

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