scholarly journals Allometric relationships for surface area and dry mass of young Norway spruce aboveground organs

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pokorný ◽  
I. Tomášková
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Leaf Mass

Tree-level allometric functions for a precise predicting of stem, branch and leaf mass and surface area of three needle-shoot age classes were estimated from measurements of crown and stem dimensions in 34 harvested Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) trees. Trees were grown within a 16-years-old stand in the Beskids Mountains. The results showed stem parameters (stem diameter at breast height – dbh, stem volume – Vs and stem sapwood area – SA) to be highly correlated (<I>r</I> > 0.98) with stem mass/area and total aboveground mass of tree. Crown parameters – volume (Cv) and surface area (Ca) were the best predictors for individual branch and needle age-classes mass (<I>r</I> > 0.92) or area (<I>r</I> > 0.85), specifically for mass and surface areas of young branches and needles. dbh most correctly predicted the branch and leaf mass/surface area of older (> 2 years) shoots. The measured parameters: dbh, SA, tree height, crown length, Ca and Cv showed a high dependence on the tree position within the stand (<I>r</I> > –0.81). Thus, these parameters could be modified by silviculture.

Relation between leaf biomass and annual ring sapwood of Norway spruce according to needle age-class

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1822-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitezslav Dvorak ◽  
Magda Oplustilova ◽  
Dalibor Janous
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pipe Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between leaf biomass and sapwood area was investigated in a 35-year-old Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) stand in mountainous conditions. Fifteen trees were destructively sampled to determine the needle biomass in several needle age-classes and whorls and the corresponding sapwood areas at the whorl branch bases and in stems at breast height. Leaf biomass/sapwood area ratio and specific leaf biomass (g•mm−2) were calculated for different needle age-classes and also for different positions in the vertical profile of the crown. The leaf biomass/sapwood area ratios were described by linear regression with a high coefficient of determination. Specific leaf biomass analysed in whorl branches was highest in the upper whorls but was decreasing downward through the profile; remained stable in the middle crown layer; and decreased again in the lower crown parts. Specific leaf biomass assessments for stems showed the largest and most increasing values in the youngest three needle age-classes followed by a decreasing trend of the specific leaf biomass in older needle age-classes. The mean values of specific leaf biomass were 1.08 g•mm−2 for branches and 1.02 g•mm−2 for stems. The results of our study are consistent with the "pipe model theory."

scholarly journals Allometric relationships for the estimation of dry mass of aboveground organs in young highland Norway spruce stand

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Marková ◽  
Radek Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Biomass Expansion Factors ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The One

This study falls into site-specific studies (here in the Drahanská vrchovina Highland) focusing on the determination of allometric relationships between the stem dendrometric and biomass parameters in young Norway spruce stands. The total aboveground biomass (TB) of a sampled tree with 14.9 m in height and 15.5 cm in stem diameter at 1.3 m (DBH) averaged to 110.3 kg. The stem biomass participated on average by 54 %, branch biomass by 24 % and needle biomass by 22 % on the TB of the sampled spruce tree. TB of the tree and the biomass of individual aboveground tree organs were predicted with the highest accuracy (over 91 %) from DBH or a stem diameter at the one tenth of the tree height using allometric-power functions. The stem diameters up to 70 % of the relative tree height predicted TB accurately (over 95 %) as well. The biomass expansion factors based on the stem volume expansion to TB of the tree, as well as the biomass of each of the aboveground tree organs did not show functional dependency on DBH.

scholarly journals Foliage Biophysical Trait Prediction from Laboratory Spectra in Norway Spruce Is More Affected by Needle Age Than by Site Soil Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Veronika Kopačková-Strnadová ◽  
Filip Oulehle ◽  
Lucie Homolová ◽  
Eva Neuwirthová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Trait Prediction

Scaling leaf-level optical signals to the canopy level is essential for airborne and satellite-based forest monitoring. In evergreen trees, biophysical and optical traits may change as foliage ages. This study aims to evaluate the effect of age in Norway spruce needle on biophysical trait-prediction based on laboratory leaf-level spectra. Mature Norway spruce trees were sampled at forest stands in ten headwater catchments with different soil properties. Foliage biophysical traits (pigments, phenolics, lignin, cellulose, leaf mass per area, water, and nitrogen content) were assessed for three needle-age classes. Complementary samples for needle reflectance and transmittance were measured using an integrating sphere. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models were constructed for predicting needle biophysical traits from reflectance—separating needle age classes and assessing all age classes together. The ten study sites differed in soil properties rather than in needle biophysical traits. Optical properties consistently varied among age classes; however, variation related to the soil conditions was less pronounced. The predictive power of PLSR models was needle-age dependent for all studied traits. The following traits were predicted with moderate accuracy: needle pigments, phenolics, leaf mass per area and water content. PLSR models always performed better if all needle age classes were included (rather than individual age classes separately). This also applied to needle-age independent traits (water and lignin). Thus, we recommend including not only current but also older needle traits as a ground truth for evergreen conifers with long needle lifespan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the provenance plot “Hrubá Skála” (Northern Bohemia) with grand fir at the age of 36 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulín Martin ◽  
Novotný Petr ◽  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Beran František ◽  
Dostál Jaroslav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Oregon Cascades

The article aims to evaluate the research provenance plot established in 1980 in locality No. 214 – Hrubá Skála (in the north of the Czech Republic), where nine provenances of grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley) provided in the framework of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations project, and one provenance of grand fir, Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas-fir from a standard commercial source are tested. We present the results of tree height, stem DBH, stem volume production and health status after 36 years. The results correspond with similar experiments in the Czech Republic and abroad and suggest that grand fir provenances from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Washington (USA) State coastal region show the best production features, while the Oregon Cascades, Idaho and Montana provenances grow more slowly. Comparison with other tree species indicates that the production of grand fir at the investigated age exceeds the production of both Norway spruce and silver fir, and equalizes or gently exceeds even Douglas-fir.

Production ecology of Thuja occidentalis

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip V. Hofmeyer ◽  
Robert S. Seymour ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Production Ecology ◽  
The Relationship

Equations to predict branch and tree leaf area, foliar mass, and stemwood volume were developed from 25 destructively sampled northern white-cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.) trees, a species whose production ecology has not been studied. Resulting models were applied to a large sample of 296 cored trees from 60 sites stratified across a soil gradient throughout northern Maine. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to assess alternative forms of the relationship between volume increment (VINC) and projected leaf area (PLA); analysis of covariance was used compare stemwood growth efficiency (GE) among soil-site classes, light exposure classes, and the presence of decay. Stem volume was estimated with Honer’s equation ( T.G. Honer. 1967. Forest Management Research and Services Institute ) with refitted parameters. PLA was best predicted with Maguire and Bennett’s nonlinear model ( D.A. Maguire and W.S. Bennett. 1996. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 1991–2005 ) using sapwood area or crown length and the ratio of tree height to diameter at breast height. A sigmoid model form captured the relationship between VINC and PLA more precisely and with less bias than the simple power function; this implies that the relationship between GE and PLA reaches a peak rather than decreases monotonically. At PLAs >50 m2, GE gradually declined with increasing crown size and was significantly influenced by site and light exposure. With PLA, site, and light held constant, decayed trees had a significantly lower (by 11%) GE than sound stems, a finding not previously reported for other tree species.

scholarly journals The concentration of Ca, Sr, Ba and Mn in successive needle age classes of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]

Trees ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Wyttenbach ◽  
Sixto Bajo ◽  
J�rg Bucher ◽  
Verena Furrer ◽  
Patrick Schleppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Needle Age

Specific leaf area and needle weight of Norway spruce (Piceaabies) in stands of different densities

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hager ◽  
H. Sterba
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
A Minor

During an investigation on the effects of differing stand densities on biomass distribution, owing to thinning in 17-year-old Norway spruce stands, specific leaf area (SLA) and 100-needle dry mass were measured for three diameter at breast height (DBH) classes, five canopy sections, and two needle age-classes. Mean SLA was found to be 50 ± 17 cm2/g. High correlation of SLA and 100-needle dry mass with DBH, crown position, and needle age was found. Older needles had a lower mean SLA than the current years needles, while they did not differ significantly in their 100-needles dry mass. Thinning proved to be a minor factor for foliage variability, since DBH, which is dependent upon thinning and the trees competitive status, explained a major part of variation in leaf morphology. A third-degree polynomial regression function could be developed to predict SLA from 100-needle dry mass. This function shows wide validity. It applies to all DBH classes and crown sections. It also shows good fit for older trees from totally different sites. To predict the total leaf area of a crown stratum, only the dry mass of 100 needles and the total needle biomass of the stratum must be known.

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