Influence of ambient temperature on growth rate of Reissner's fibre in Rana esculenta

1975 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H.B. Diederen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Reissner's Fibre

scholarly journals The effect of sludge retention time (SRT) on the Nitrifier typical kinetics at ambient temperature under the low ammonia density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Li ◽  
Jinzhu Wu ◽  
Yongjie Liu ◽  
Feiyong Chen ◽  
Jie Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Maximum Reaction Rate ◽  
Sludge Retention Time ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
D 20

Abstract Sludge retention time (SRT) regulation is one of the essential management techniques for refined control of the main-sidestream treatment process under the low ammonia density. It is indispensable to understand the effect of SRTs changes on the Nitrifier kinetics to obtain the functional separation of the Nitrifier and the refined control of the nitrification process. In this study, Nitrifier was cultured with conditions of 35 ± 0.5 °C, pH 7.5 ± 0.2, DO 5.0 ± 0.5 mg-O/L, and SRTs was controlled for 40 d, 20 d, 10 d, and 5 d. The net growth rate (), decay rate (), specific growth rate (), the yield of the Nitrifier (), temperature parameter (), and inhibition coefficient () have been measured and extended with the SRT decreases. Instead, the half-saturation coefficient () decreased. In addition, the limited value of pH inhibition occurs (), and the pH of keeping 5% maximum reaction rate () was in a relatively stable state. The trade of kinetics may be induced by the species structure of Nitrifier changed. The Nitrosomonas proportion was increased, and the Nitrospira used to be contrary with the SRT decreasing. It is a match for the functional separation of Nitrifier when SRTs was 20 d at ambient temperature under the low ammonia density. The kinetics of ammonia-oxidizing organism (AOO) and nitrite-oxidizing organism (NOO) in Nitrifier under different SRT conditions should be measured respectively to the refined control of the partial nitrification process in the future study. HIGHLIGHT The Nitrifier typical kinetics used to be affected notably by way of SRTs changes. The species structure of the Nitrifier was recognized beneath distinctive SRTs. The change of Nitrifier kinetics with SRTs used to be estimated by the species structure changes.

scholarly journals Effect of High Ambient Temperature in Early and Late Lactation on Litter Growth and Survival in Rats

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Hearnshaw ◽  
Manika Wodzicka-Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Growth And Survival

The effect of heat stress, applied either during the first half or during the second half of lactation, on total litter production per rat was studied. The survival of the pups, the growth rate of the surviving pups, the liveweight changes, and feed intakes of the rats were also measured. Some observations were also made on maternal and pup behaviour.

Body temperature and growth of nestling Northwestern Crows, Corvus caurinus

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas A. M. Verbeek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Corvus Caurinus ◽  
Steady Improvement ◽  
Temperature And Growth

Nestling Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus) cannot maintain a steady body temperature on their own at hatching. The temperature of 1-day-old nestlings within 1 min after they were removed from the nest, but kept together and exposed to a mean ambient temperature of 10.6 °C, fell to 34.3 °C, but remained at 40–41 °C after 17 days of age. A steady improvement in thermogenesis was also apparent in single nestlings at the end of 21 min of exposure to ambient temperature, rising from 19 °C on day 1 to 40.6 °C on day 22. Adult females provide the heat that the young initially cannot provide for themselves, but at day 15, females essentially stop brooding to participate fully in gathering food. For the young, the cessation of daytime brooding coincides approximately with the eruption of feathers from their sheaths, the attainment of effective endothermy, the start of maximum daily growth rate of the feathers, and the point of inflection of the growth curve.

Reducing ambient temperature in farrowing houses with a new controlled-environment system

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
Y. Choinière
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Heat Lamp ◽  
System P ◽  
Sow Lactation

Forty first-parity sows were randomly allocated to a standard (STD; n = 21) or controlled (CET; n = 19) environmental temperature system in the farrowing house. In all cases, heat lamps were installed on one side of the sows, 60 cm from the floor. With the CET system, electronically controlled (EC) heat lamps surrounded by a niche were used. Niches had an acrylic top and three sides of plastic strips that piglets could easily go through. Room temperature was 21 °C with the STD system while it was gradually lowered with CET to attain 15 °C on day 8 postpartum. Within 48 h of birth, litters were standardized to 9 ± 1 pigs. Daily feed and water consumption of sows were recorded as well as growth rate and survival of piglets. Sows' posture and piglets' activity were recorded three times daily throughout lactation. Ambient temperature did not affect (P > 0.1) feed or water intakes of sows during lactation, nor weights or survival of piglets until day 56. From day 2 until weaning (day 23), there was a mean increase of 21% in the frequency of piglets lying in the lamp zone when comparing the CET with the STD system (P < 0.001). A mean increase of 59% in the frequency of piglets being in the lamp zone with the CET system was also noticed from day 8 for active piglets (P < 0.05). Sows were, on average, 77% more active with the CET than with the STD system (P < 0.01) from days 5 to 15 of lactation and the proportion of time they spent lying on the side relative to the total lying time was greater from day 8 until the end of lactation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, gradually decreasing farrowing room temperature to 15 °C has no detrimental effects on the performance of sows and piglets and increases the use of the lamp zone, provided that the environment in this area is well controlled. Key words: Sow, lactation, ambient temperature, farrowing room, behavior, creep heat lamp

Effects of nutrition and paring on linear hoof growth in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
JL Wheeler ◽  
HI Davies ◽  
DA Hedges ◽  
PJ Reis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Nutritional Changes

Paring increased the linear hoof growth on the forefeet of Merino wethers by an average of 4.1% (P < 0.05) with a tendency for paring to promote faster growth on the medial digits. Effects of feeding these sheep with 400, 600, or 1000 g pelleted ration day-1 were assessed in a 4 X 4 Latin square design with 28-day periods using four measures of response. An extra (fifth) period was used to determine residual effects. The proportion of residual (carryover) to direct effect was much smaller for hoof growth than for wool. Hoof growth was not related to wool production. In another experiment, hoof growth rate of sheep increased from 103 to 136 8m day-1 when the intake of digestible dry matter was increased from 400 to 600 g day-1 (P< 0.001), and from 115 to 125 8m day -1 (P> 0.05) when the intake of digestible nitrogen was increased from 12 to 25 g day-1. Hoof growth rates of Merino wethers grazing native or sown pasture were not significantly affected by injecting DL-methionine daily into the abomasum. Hoof growth is not an appropriate index of wool growth. It may provide an easily measured, rapidly responsive and cumulative measure of nutritional changes, but its use cannot be recommended until more information is available on the factors that affect it and their interaction with ambient temperature.

Brown adipose tissue and liver development during early postnatal life in hand-reared and ewe-reared lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Darby ◽  
L Clarke ◽  
MA Lomax ◽  
ME Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

This study examined the effects of modest changes in ambient temperature in hand-reared lambs (experiment one) and in ewe-reared lambs (experiment two). Lambs were killed at either 8 or 31 days of age and perirenal adipose tissue was identified as being brown adipose tissue (BAT) from measurements of thermogenic activity (i.e. GDP binding to uncoupling protein in isolated mitochondria) or thermogenic capacity (i.e. detection of uncoupling protein by immunoblotting). In addition, type I and II iodothyronine 5' monodeiodonase (5'MDI) activities were assayed in perirenal adipose tissue, plus type I 5'MDI activity in liver. Plasma samples were also taken for measurements of glucose, lactate, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations. In experiment one, lambs were hand-reared at either warm (WR; 25 degrees C) or cool (CR; 10-15 degrees C) ambient temperatures. Mean growth rate over the first 8 days of life in CR lambs was 88 g/day and increased to 128 g/day over the first month of life. Growth rate in WR lambs was constant at 141 g/day. Thermogenic activity of BAT was significantly higher in CR than WR lambs, but total weight and tissue lipid content of perirenal adipose tissue were significantly lower in the CR group. In both WR and CR lambs, the thermogenic activity of BAT fell by an average of 71% between 8 and 31 days. At 31 days of age, uncoupling protein in mitochondria could be detected only by immunoblotting in adipose tissue sampled from CR lambs. There was no effect of ambient temperature on type I or type II 5'MDI activity in BAT or liver; it decreased in adipose but not liver tissue between 8 and 31 days of age. The plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and T3 tended to decline with age in CR but not in WR lambs. In ewe-reared lambs perirenal adipose tissue weight and tissue lipid content more than doubled between 8 and 31 days of age, but the level of GDP binding decreased from 85 to 5 pmol/mg mitochondrial protein over this period. Liver weight increased by 55% between 8 and 31 days of age, but hepatic 5'MDI activity remained unchanged. The plasma concentrations of T3, T4 and lactate, but not glucose or insulin, increased between 8 and 31 days of age. It is concluded that hand-rearing lambs at a cool ambient temperature significantly delays postnatal development, to the extent that BAT characteristics are retained. Ewe-rearing lambs enhances the rate at which BAT adopts the characteristics of white adipose tissue, and it prevents the postnatal decline in plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones.

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of medium filth (najs mutawassitah) in halalan toyyibah food

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abu Bakar ◽  
Ainin Azwani Abdul Rafa ◽  
Norrakiah Abdullah Sani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Lag Times

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the quantity of medium filth (najs mutawassitah) and the growth rate of faecal borne bacteria in self prepared fried rice toward the standardization of ‘halalan toyyibah’ food. Methods: The samples of fried rice were cooked with the application of hygienic practices. A specific quantity of human stools were then purposely inoculated into the samples. The growth curves of the bacteria were determined using NanoDrop 1000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer at 630nm where the initial and end of lag times for each of the bacterial growth were determined. Results: The results showed that if the contamination of human stools in the food is in small quantity (1-2 drops), it may have no health risk at all (within lag time). If the human stools are in higher volume (more than 2 drops, or about 1 ml) then it may start to contaminate the food and could then lead to health risks. If foods are contaminated with small amounts (about 0.1 ml) of human stools and left at ambient temperature (about 37o C) for about 4 hours, the same thing will happen. Conclusions: If the level of health risk is translated according to Shariah law, foods which are contaminated with higher amount (more than 2 drops, or about 1 ml) of human stools or contaminated with small amounts (1-2 drops) of human stools, but are left (about 4 hours) at ambient temperature can be considered as shubhah/makhrooh to be eaten.

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