Stomatal movement in Zea mays: Shuttle of potassium and chloride between guard cells and subsidiary cells

Planta ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Raschke ◽  
Margaret Pierce Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

scholarly journals H 2 O 2 , Ca 2+ , and K +  in subsidiary cells of maize leaves are involved in regulatory signaling of stomatal movement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yaqin Yao ◽  
Suiqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Diphenylene Iodonium ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

Abstract Background : The stomata of maize ( Zea mays ) contain a pair of guard cells and a pair of subsidiary cells. To determine whether H 2 O 2 , Ca 2+ , and K + in subsidiary cells were involved in stomatal movement, we treated four-week-old maize (Zhengdan 958) leaves with H 2 O 2 , diphenylene iodonium (DPI), CaCl 2 , and LaCl 3 . Changes in content and distribution of H 2 O 2 , Ca 2+ , and K + during stomatal movement were observed. Results : When exogenous H 2 O 2 was applied, Ca 2+ increased and K + decreased in guard cells, while both ions increased in subsidiary cells, leading to stomatal closure. After DPI treatment, Ca 2+ decreased and K + increased in guard cells, but both Ca 2+ and K + decreased in subsidiary cells, resulting in open stomata. Exogenous CaCl 2 increased H 2 O 2 and reduced K + in guard cells, while significantly increasing them in subsidiary cells and causing stomatal closure. After LaCl 3 treatment, decreased and K + increased in guard cells, whereas both H 2 O 2 and K + decreased in subsidiary cells and stomata became open. Conclusions : These results indicated that H 2 O 2 and Ca 2+ were correlated positively with each other and with K + in subsidiary cells during stomatal movement. Both H 2 O 2 and Ca 2+ in subsidiary cells promote an inflow of K + , indirectly regulating stomatal closure.

Die Stomata als Glieder eines schwingungsfähigen CO2-Regelsystems Experimenteller Nachweis an Zea mays L.

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1261-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Raschke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Intercellular Spaces

Using recording porometer techniques, evidence was produced for the existence of a regulatory system stabilizing the carbon dioxide concentration within the intercellular spaces of leaves. The guard cells function as effectors, and most probably also as sensors. Measurements by the cells of the carbon dioxide concentration and stomatal movement are two separate processes; the second requires auxiliary energy. The system reacts to disturbances after a time lag. This causes overshoot. Additional strong feedback may lead to stomatal oscillations which sometimes persist, or even increase in amplitude indicating insufficient damping.

A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dayanandan ◽  
P. B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

Crosstalk of NO with Ca2+ in Stomatal Movement in Vicia faba Guard Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1491-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ZHANG ◽  
Xiang ZHAO ◽  
Ya-Jing WANG ◽  
Xiao ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Movement

ONTOGENY OF STOMATA IN SOME CRUCIFERAE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The ontogeny of stomata was investigated in 12 species of Cruciferae. The three subsidiary cells as well as the guard cells originate from the same protodermal cell and thus the ontogeny conforms to the syndetocheilic type. The mature stomata are anisocytic. Sometimes, the subsidiary cells undergo a transverse and (or) vertical division and the mature stoma shows four to five subsidiary cells.

Fossil flowers and leaves of the Ebenaceae from the Eocene of southern Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1825-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Basinger ◽  
David C. Christophel
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fossil Leaves ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Flowers ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Clay Lenses ◽  
Coal Measures

Numerous flowers and a diverse assemblage of leaves are mummified in clay lenses in the base of the Demons Bluff Formation overlying the Eastern View Coal Measures. Fossil localities occur in the Alcoa of Australia open cut near Anglesea, Victoria, Australia. Flowers are tubular, less than 10 mm long, and about 5 mm wide. Four sepals are connate forming a cup-shaped calyx. Four petals are fused in their basal third and alternate with sepals. Flowers are all unisexual and staminate. Stamens are epipetalous and consistently 16 in number, arranged in 8 radial pairs. Pollen is subprolate, tricolporate, and about 32 μm in diameter. The exine is smooth to slightly scabrate. A rudimentary ovary occurs in some flowers. Sepals usually have a somewhat textureless abaxial cuticle with actinocytic stomata. Some sepals, however, have frill-like cuticular thickenings over some abaxial epidermal cells and some subsidiary cells with pronounced papillae overarching guard cells. One of the more common leaf types found associated with the flowers is characterized by the same peculiar cuticular thickenings and overarching papillae on subsidiary cells that occur on sepals. This cuticular similarity indicates that flowers and leaves represent a single taxon. Leaves are highly variable in size and shape but are consistently entire margined, with pinnate, brochidodromous venation. The suite of features characterizing the flowers is unique to the Ebenaceae. Flowers of many extant species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) closely resemble the fossil flowers. Fossil leaves, too, are typical of leaves of extant Diospyros. Both flowers and leaves are considered conspecific and have been assigned the name Austrodiospyros cryptostoma gen. et sp. nov. The Anglesea fossils represent one of the earliest well-documented occurrences of the Ebenaceae and are the earliest known remains of Ebenaceae from Australia. They support the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for the family with late Tertiary diversification in the Malesian region.

scholarly journals Guard Cell Microfilament Analyzer Facilitates the Analysis of the Organization and Dynamics of Actin Filaments in Arabidopsis Guard Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2753
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Min Diao ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Guanlin Chen ◽  
Shanjin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Selection Of

The actin cytoskeleton is involved in regulating stomatal movement, which forms distinct actin arrays within guard cells of stomata with different apertures. How those actin arrays are formed and maintained remains largely unexplored. Elucidation of the dynamic behavior of differently oriented actin filaments in guard cells will enhance our understanding in this regard. Here, we initially developed a program called ‘guard cell microfilament analyzer’ (GCMA) that enables the selection of individual actin filaments and analysis of their orientations semiautomatically in guard cells. We next traced the dynamics of individual actin filaments and performed careful quantification in open and closed stomata. We found that de novo nucleation of actin filaments occurs at both dorsal and ventral sides of guard cells from open and closed stomata. Interestingly, most of the nucleated actin filaments elongate radially and longitudinally in open and closed stomata, respectively. Strikingly, radial filaments tend to form bundles whereas longitudinal filaments tend to be removed by severing and depolymerization in open stomata. By contrast, longitudinal filaments tend to form bundles that are severed less frequently in closed stomata. These observations provide insights into the formation and maintenance of distinct actin arrays in guard cells in stomata of different apertures.

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