ONTOGENY OF STOMATA IN SOME CRUCIFERAE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The ontogeny of stomata was investigated in 12 species of Cruciferae. The three subsidiary cells as well as the guard cells originate from the same protodermal cell and thus the ontogeny conforms to the syndetocheilic type. The mature stomata are anisocytic. Sometimes, the subsidiary cells undergo a transverse and (or) vertical division and the mature stoma shows four to five subsidiary cells.

A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dayanandan ◽  
P. B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

Fossil flowers and leaves of the Ebenaceae from the Eocene of southern Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1825-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Basinger ◽  
David C. Christophel
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fossil Leaves ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Flowers ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Clay Lenses ◽  
Coal Measures

Numerous flowers and a diverse assemblage of leaves are mummified in clay lenses in the base of the Demons Bluff Formation overlying the Eastern View Coal Measures. Fossil localities occur in the Alcoa of Australia open cut near Anglesea, Victoria, Australia. Flowers are tubular, less than 10 mm long, and about 5 mm wide. Four sepals are connate forming a cup-shaped calyx. Four petals are fused in their basal third and alternate with sepals. Flowers are all unisexual and staminate. Stamens are epipetalous and consistently 16 in number, arranged in 8 radial pairs. Pollen is subprolate, tricolporate, and about 32 μm in diameter. The exine is smooth to slightly scabrate. A rudimentary ovary occurs in some flowers. Sepals usually have a somewhat textureless abaxial cuticle with actinocytic stomata. Some sepals, however, have frill-like cuticular thickenings over some abaxial epidermal cells and some subsidiary cells with pronounced papillae overarching guard cells. One of the more common leaf types found associated with the flowers is characterized by the same peculiar cuticular thickenings and overarching papillae on subsidiary cells that occur on sepals. This cuticular similarity indicates that flowers and leaves represent a single taxon. Leaves are highly variable in size and shape but are consistently entire margined, with pinnate, brochidodromous venation. The suite of features characterizing the flowers is unique to the Ebenaceae. Flowers of many extant species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) closely resemble the fossil flowers. Fossil leaves, too, are typical of leaves of extant Diospyros. Both flowers and leaves are considered conspecific and have been assigned the name Austrodiospyros cryptostoma gen. et sp. nov. The Anglesea fossils represent one of the earliest well-documented occurrences of the Ebenaceae and are the earliest known remains of Ebenaceae from Australia. They support the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for the family with late Tertiary diversification in the Malesian region.

scholarly journals Development of stomata in Hordeum vulgare L. under the influence of oleander glycosides and colchicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tarkowska ◽  
M. Wierzbicka ◽  
M. Grzegrzółka
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The effect of aqueous solutions of a 0.1 per cent mixture of oleander glycosides and of 0.1 and 0.5 per cent colchicine on the growth of seedlings, and particularly on the development of stomata was investigated in <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. The compounds were found not to penetrate with the same readiness through the coleoptile: glycosides passed very slowly, while colchicine rapidly. Growth inhibition of seedlings increased with the concentrations of the solutions applied, the time of incubation and the degree of damage to the coleoptile. Colchicine and glycosides cause a similar type of disturbances in all cell divisions leading to the formation of stomata. Most numerous disturbances were noted in phase II. The cause of these disorders lies in damage to the karyokinetic sipindle and abnormal cytokinesis. As a result are formed the stomata with a changed number of guard cells or subsidiary cells, their shape is changed and sometimes also their orientation and the dimensions are reduced.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Small Column ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Glandular Structures

The micromorphology of selected elements of <i>Echium vulgare</i> L. flowers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fine, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

scholarly journals Localization of Thallium in Stomata is Independent of Transpiration

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Pallaghy
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The specific locations of the evaporating surfaces in the leaf are not yet known. However, Maercker (1965) repeated successfully the early experiments of Stahl (1894) and concluded from her evidence that the cuticular component oftranspiration could be further divided into "cuticular" and "peristomatal" transpiration, where the latter term refers to transpiration from the surfaces of the guard cells and their subsidiary cells. Peristomatal transpiration has been the subject of considerable recent interest (e.g. Lange et al. 1971).

Stomatal movement in Zea mays: Shuttle of potassium and chloride between guard cells and subsidiary cells

Planta ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Raschke ◽  
Margaret Pierce Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

A systematic investigation of leaf epidermis in Camellia using light microscopy

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengqi Ao ◽  
Chuangxing Ye ◽  
Hongda Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Type 3

AbstractThe characters of mature leaf epidermis of 58 species and 3 varieties belonging to 19 sections, representing all the 4 subgenera: Protocamellia, Camellia, Thea and Metacamellia were investigated under light microscope. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The shape of the epidermal cells is elliptical, polygonal or irregular and the anticlinal walls are arched, straight or sinuolate, sinuous to sinuate. 2) The stomatal apparatus, consisting of a stoma (a pore plus a pair of guard cells) and 3–4 subsidiary cells, restricted to the abaxial surface of the leaves, were assigned to anisocytic, anisotricytic, isotricytic or tetracytic type. 3) Special structures in leaf epidermis, such as stomatal clusters, aborted stomata, secretory cells, cuticular intrusions and their taxonomic implications were also elucidated.

scholarly journals Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. lamina anatomy as a tool for taxonomic distinction from B. odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick comb. nov (Arecaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO F. SANT'ANNA-SANTOS ◽  
WELLINGTON G.O. CARVALHO JÚNIOR ◽  
VANESSA B. AMARAL
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Plant Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Fibrous Layer ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The distinction between Butia capitata and B. odorata is based only on a few morphological characteristics, therefore there is a need for additional studies for supporting the separation of the species. As lamina anatomy characteristics are relevant in circumscribing Arecaceae taxa, this work aimed to describe B. capitata lamina anatomy and compare it with B. odorata. Samples from the middle portion of the pinnae were collected and processed in accordance with standard plant anatomy techniques. The epidermis is uniseriate and composed of a thick cuticle and epicuticular waxes into like hooked filaments. The subsidiary cells that arch over the guard cells are located at the hypodermis. The mesophyll is isobilateral and compact. The vascular bundles are collateral with a sclerenchymatic sheath extension that reaches the hypodermis. The stegmata cells have spherical and druse-like silica bodies. The midrib faces the adaxial surface with a thick fibrous layer surrounding the vascular bundles adjacent to the chlorenchyma. The stratified expansion tissue is on the abaxial surface, within the boundary between the mesophyll and midrib. Raphides are only found in B. capitata. Small bundles of the midrib fully surround the fibrous cylinder only in B. odorata. These characteristics are diagnostic and useful for supporting the proposed separation.

Differential expression of K+ channels between guard cells and subsidiary cells within the maize stomatal complex

Planta ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Büchsenschütz ◽  
Irene Marten ◽  
Dirk Becker ◽  
Katrin Philippar ◽  
Peter Ache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

Leaf epidermal descriptors applied to the taxonomy of Lauraceae, including new anatomical characters

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 358 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
KADJA MILENA GOMES-BEZERRA ◽  
SUELI MARIA GOMES ◽  
CONCEIÇÃO ENEIDA DOS SANTOS SILVEIRA ◽  
LUCIA HELENA SOARES-SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Wall Width ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radial Arrangement

The difficulty of identifying Lauraceae species is well known. The leaf epidermis of 18 species from the Federal District, Brazil, was analyzed to test more characters as an aid to the taxonomy of this family. New anatomical characters are proposed here, such as sinus number, internal angles and number of sides of the common epidermal cells, their arrangement around the trichome base, and the shape and width of the subsidiary cells in relation to the guard cells. Epidermal characters that can aid in the identification of the studied species are: the contour of the common cells on both leaf surfaces and their anticlinal wall width, number of sides of the polygonal cells, sinus number, presence of angles greater than 180°, presence and type of indumentum, common cells with radial arrangement around the trichome base, stomatal position relative to the rest of the epidermis and width of the subsidiary cells in relation to the guard cells. Glabrous and glabrescent leaves are distinguished. Two species have unique characters: Aniba heringeri, with papillae on the abaxial surface, and Cryptocarya moschata, with peculiar horseshoe-shaped subsidiary cells. Characters of the epidermis together with the external leaf morphology are sufficient to distinguish the studied species. Additionally, we report for the first time the occurrence of Mezilaurus crassiramea and Ocotea diospyrifolia for the flora of Federal District, Brazil.

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