Both epistatic and additive effects of QTLs are involved in polygenic induced resistance to disease: a case study, the interaction pepper — Phytophthora capsici Leonian

1996 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lefebvre ◽  
A. Palloix
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Additive Effects

scholarly journals Action of Surfactants in Driving Ecotoxicity of Microplastic-Nano Metal Oxides Mixtures: A Case Study on Daphnia magna under Different Nutritional Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Guerranti ◽  
Serena Anselmi ◽  
Francesca Provenza ◽  
Andrea Blašković ◽  
Monia Renzi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Ecotoxicity Tests ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Individual

The series of experiments presented in the paper served to clarify the effects of contemporary exposure to surfactant, microplastics (polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride), and nanoparticles (TiO2 and ZnO) on the model organism Daphnia magna. Exposure was evaluated with respect to the age of the organisms (“young”, 24 hours old, and “aged” 10 days old specimens), trophic status (feeding or fasting), and the simultaneous presence of a surfactant. All the above-mentioned substances are present in the wastewater coming from various environmental sources from cosmetic products. The experiments were conducted in compliance with the OECD 202:2004 guideline, which is also a reference for ecotoxicity tests required by REACH. The results showed that surfactants enhance effects of toxicity produced by the exposure to the microplastic + nanoparticle mixtures. The influence due to factors such as nutrition (effect in fasting >> feeding conditions) and the age of individuals (effects in older >> younger animals) is essential. Concerning young individuals, exposure to PE-TiO2 is the most significant in terms of effects produced: it is very significant, especially in the presence of surfactant (both under fasting and feeding conditions). On the contrary, exposure to the PE-Zn mixture shows the minor effects. The comparison with the literature, especially as regards the possibility of interpreting the toxicity trends for the various mixtures with respect to the individual elements that compose them, leads to hypothesize additive effects still to be investigated and confirms the greatest toxicity contribution of TiO2.

Acibenzolar-S-methyl induced resistance to Phytophthora capsici in pepper leaves

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Baysal ◽  
C. Turgut ◽  
G. Mao
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Pepper Leaves

Phosphite-induced reactive oxygen species production and ethylene and ABA biosynthesis, mediate the control of Phytophthora capsici in pepper (Capsicum annuum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqing Liu ◽  
Benjin Li ◽  
Ming Lin ◽  
Guoliang Chen ◽  
Xueling Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete pathogen with a broad host range that inflicts significant damage in vegetables. Phosphite (Phi) is used to control oomycete diseases, but the molecular mechanisms underlying Phi-induced resistance to P. capsici are unknown. Thus, Phi-inhibited mycelial growth on strain LT1534 and primed host defence were analysed. We demonstrated that Phi (>5 µg mL–1) had a direct antibiotic effect on mycelial growth and zoospore production, and that mortality and DNA content were significantly reduced by pre-treatment with Phi. In addition, elevated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promoted callose deposition and increased the levels of soluble proteins and Capsicum annuum L. pathogenesis-related 1 (CaPR1) expression. Furthermore, Phi (1 g L–1) significantly increased the transcription of the antioxidant enzyme genes, and the genes involved in ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. However, pre-treatment with reactive oxygen species (ROS), ABA and ET biosynthesis inhibitors decreased Phi-induced resistance and reduced the expression of ABA-responsive 1 (CaABR1) and lipoxygenase 1 (CaLOX1). In addition, the decreased ROS and ABA inhibited Phi-induced expression of CaMPK17–1. We propose that Phi-induced ROS production, ET and ABA biosynthesis mediate the control of P. capsici, and that ABA functions through CaMPK17–1-mediated MAPK signalling.

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