Extreme acidification in small catchments in southwestern Norway associated with a sea salt episode

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the main constituent of sea-salt aerosols. During atmospheric transport, sea-salt aerosols can interact with gases and other particles including secondary aerosols containing ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). This...

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Unveiling Biological Activities of Marine Fungi: The Effect of Sea Salt

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11136008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6008

Author(s):

Micael F. M. Gonçalves ◽

Ana Paço ◽

Luís F. Escada ◽

Manuela S. F. Albuquerque ◽

Carlos A. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Fungi ◽

Culture Media ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Multiresistant Strains

There is an urgent need for new substances to overcome current challenges in the health sciences. Marine fungi are known producers of numerous compounds, but the manipulation of growth conditions for optimal compound production can be laborious and time-consuming. In Portugal, despite its very long coastline, there are only a few studies on marine fungi. From a collection of Portuguese marine fungi, we screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzymatic, and cytotoxic activities. Mycelia aqueous extracts, obtained by high pressure-assisted extraction, and methanolic extracts of culture media showed high antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. The mycelium extracts of Cladosporium rubrum showed higher antioxidant potential compared to extracts from other fungi. Mycelia and culture media extracts of Aspergillus affinis and Penicillium lusitanum inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multiresistant strains. Penicillium lusitanum and Trichoderma aestuarinum inhibited the growth of clinical strains of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. All extracts from culture media were cytotoxic to Vero cells. Sea salt induced alterations in the mycelium’s chemical composition, leading to different activity profiles.

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On the evaluation of global sea-salt aerosol models at coastal/orographic sites

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. Spada ◽

O. Jorba ◽

C. Pérez García-Pando ◽

Z. Janjic ◽

J.M. Baldasano

Keyword(s):

Sea Salt ◽

Sea Salt Aerosol

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Determination of Toxic Elements and Arsenic Species in Salted Foods and Sea Salt by ICP–MS and HPLC–ICP–MS

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.1c01273 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

In Min Hwang ◽

Hee Min Lee ◽

Hae-Won Lee ◽

Ji-Hye Jung ◽

Eun Woo Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxic Elements ◽

Arsenic Species ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Icp Ms

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A Diachronic Triangular Perspective on Landscapes: a Conceptual Tool for Research and Management Applied to Wadden Sea Salt Marshes

Maritime Studies ◽

10.1007/s40152-021-00215-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mans Schepers ◽

Erik W. Meijles ◽

Jan P. Bakker ◽

Theo Spek

Keyword(s):

Cultural History ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Cultural Landscape ◽

Wadden Sea ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Landscape Management ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Physical Geography ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Conceptual Tool

AbstractStrong disciplinary academic fragmentation and sectoral division in policies lead to problems regarding the management of landscapes. As a result, there is a focus on the preservation and development of either cultural or natural landscapes. We argue that framing landscapes as “natural” or “cultural” will not help sustainable management. The goal of this paper is to show that even what is referred to as nature, virtually always features an intricate combination of physical geography, biology, and cultural history. It provides an analytical framework that visualizes the three forces at play in physical landscapes. Therefore, we introduce a diachronic triangular approach to study and manage landscapes from a holistic point of view, allowing an exchange of different perspectives. To test this approach, we have applied our model to a diachronic case study on Wadden Sea salt marshes. That area has been influenced by physical-geographical, biological, and cultural landscape forces, which are still visible in the landscape to a large extent. By placing different landscape zones in the triangular concept for different time periods, we can identify and visualize these driving forces through time for this specific landscape. These all play their specific roles in the appearance of the landscape over time in a close mutual interconnection. More importantly, we show that the diverse and complex interplay between these forces makes the current-day landscape what it is. We therefore conclude that the diachronic triangular approach provides a conceptual tool to define and operationalize landscape management in the Wadden Sea area. We welcome similar approaches in other landscapes to assess the usefulness of the diachronic triangular landscape approach.

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Linking variations in sea spray aerosol particle hygroscopicity to composition during two microcosm experiments

10.5194/acp-2016-36 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Sara D. Forestieri ◽

Gavin C. Cornwell ◽

Taylor M. Helgestad ◽

Kathryn A. Moore ◽

Christopher Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Salt Content ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Sea Spray ◽

Hygroscopic Growth ◽

Phytoplankton Blooms ◽

Aerosol Composition ◽

Sea Spray Aerosol ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract. The extent to which water uptake influences the light scattering ability of marine sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles depends critically on SSA chemical composition. The organic fraction of SSA can increase during phytoplankton blooms, decreasing the salt content and therefore the hygroscopicity of the particles. In this study, subsaturated hygroscopic growth factors at 85 % relative humidity (GF(85 %)) of SSA particles were quantified during two induced phytoplankton blooms in marine aerosol reference tanks (MARTs). One MART was illuminated with fluorescent lights and the other was illuminated with sunlight, referred to as the "indoor" and "outdoor" MARTs, respectively. GF(85 %) values for SSA particles were derived from measurements of light scattering and particle size distributions, concurrently with online single particle and bulk aerosol composition measurements. During both microcosm experiments, the observed bulk average GF(85 %) values were depressed substantially relative to pure, inorganic sea salt, by 10 to 19 %, with a one (indoor MART) and six (outdoor MART) day lag between GF(85 %) depression and the peak chlorophyll-a concentrations. The fraction of organiccontaining SSA particles generally increased after the peak of the phytoplankton blooms. The GF(85 %) values were inversely correlated with the fraction of particles containing organic or other biological markers. This indicates these particles were less hygroscopic than the particles identified as predominately sea salt containing and demonstrates a clear relationship between SSA particle composition and the sensitivity of light scattering to variations in relative humidity. The implications of these observations to the direct climate effects of SSA particles are discussed.

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