A. Domsa et al. “Obtaining iron powder by direct reduction with natural gas”

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 844-846
Author(s):  
A. A. Sigov ◽  
V. V. Veselov ◽  
V. P. Dorokhovich
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Direct Reduction

Obtaining iron powder by direct reduction with natural gas

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 839-843
Author(s):  
A. Domsa ◽  
A. Palfalvi ◽  
L. Sabo ◽  
Z. Spyrkhez ◽  
L. Botka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Direct Reduction

scholarly journals Evaluation of biomass-based production of below zero emission reducing gas for the iron and steel industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hammerschmid ◽  
Stefan Müller ◽  
Josef Fuchs ◽  
Hermann Hofbauer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Zero Emission

Abstract The present paper focuses on the production of a below zero emission reducing gas for use in raw iron production. The biomass-based concept of sorption-enhanced reforming combined with oxyfuel combustion constitutes an additional opportunity for selective separation of CO2. First experimental results from the test plant at TU Wien (100 kW) have been implemented. Based on these results, it could be demonstrated that the biomass-based product gas fulfills all requirements for the use in direct reduction plants and a concept for the commercial-scale use was developed. Additionally, the profitability of the below zero emission reducing gas concept within a techno-economic assessment is investigated. The results of the techno-economic assessment show that the production of biomass-based reducing gas can compete with the conventional natural gas route, if the required oxygen is delivered by an existing air separation unit and the utilization of the separated CO2 is possible. The production costs of the biomass-based reducing gas are in the range of natural gas-based reducing gas and twice as high as the production of fossil coke in a coke oven plant. The CO2 footprint of a direct reduction plant fed with biomass-based reducing gas is more than 80% lower compared with the conventional blast furnace route and could be even more if carbon capture and utilization is applied. Therefore, the biomass-based production of reducing gas could definitely make a reasonable contribution to a reduction of fossil CO2 emissions within the iron and steel sector in Austria.

Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Technology - Midrex and Energiron

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Feng Man Shen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Direct Reduced Iron ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Reforming Gas

Coke constitutes the major portion of ironmaking cost and its production causes the severe environmental concerns. So lower energy consumption, lower CO2 emission and waste recycling are driving the iron and steel industry to develop alternative, or coke-free, ironmaking process. Midrex and HYL Energiron are the leading technologies in shaft furnace direct reduction, and they account for about 76% of worldwide production. They are the most competitive ways to obtain high quality direct reduced iron (DRI) for steelmaking. Therefore, in the present paper, some detailed information about these two processes are given. Much attention has been paid on process scheme, the feedstock, DRI product, heat recovery, reforming gas, hot discharge and transportation, and by-product emission. Its very important for direct reduction development in both natural gas-rich counties and natural gas-poor counties.

scholarly journals Production of Negative-Emissions Steel Using a Reducing Gas Derived from DFB Gasification

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4835
Author(s):  
Sébastien Pissot ◽  
Henrik Thunman ◽  
Peter Samuelsson ◽  
Martin Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
The Cost

A dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification process is proposed to produce sustainable reducing gas for the direct reduction (DR) of iron ore. This novel steelmaking route is compared with the established process for DR, which is based on natural gas, and with the emerging DR technology using electrolysis-generated hydrogen as the reducing gas. The DFB-DR route is found to produce reducing gas that meets the requirement of the DR reactor, based on existing MIDREX plants, and which is produced with an energetic efficiency comparable with the natural gas route. The DFB-DR path is the only route considered that allows negative CO2 emissions, enabling a 145% decrease in emissions relative to the traditional blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) route. A reducing gas cost between 45–60 EUR/MWh is obtained, which makes it competitive with the hydrogen route, but not the natural gas route. The cost estimation for liquid steel production shows that, in Sweden, the DFB-DR route cannot compete with the natural gas and BF–BOF routes without a cost associated with carbon emissions and a revenue attributed to negative emissions. When the cost and revenue are set as equal, the DFB-DR route becomes the most competitive for a carbon price >60 EUR/tCO2.

scholarly journals Lowering the Carbon Footprint of Steel Production Using Hydrogen Direct Reduction of Iron Ore and Molten Metal Methane Pyrolysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Bhaskar ◽  
Mohsen Assadi ◽  
Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Bubble Column Reactor ◽  
Column Reactor ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Direct Reduction Of Iron

Reducing emissions from the iron and steel industry is essential to achieve the Paris climate goals. A new system to reduce the carbon footprint of steel production is proposed in this article by coupling hydrogen direct reduction of iron ore (H-DRI) and natural gas pyrolysis on liquid metal surface inside a bubble column reactor. If grid electricity from EU is used, the emissions would be 435 kg CO2/tls without considering methane leakage from the extraction, storage and transport of natural gas. Solid carbon, produced as a by-product of natural gas decomposition, finds applications in many industrial sectors, including as a replacement for coal in coke ovens. Specific energy consumption (SEC) of the proposed system is approximately 6.3 MWh per ton of liquid steel(tls). It is higher than other competing technologies, 3.48 MWh/tls for water electrolysis based DRI, and, 4.3-4.5 MWh/tls for natural gas based DRI and blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) respectively. Utilization of large quantities of natural gas, where the carbon remains unused, is the major reason for high SEC. Preliminary analysis of the system revealed that it has the potential to compete with existing technologies to produce CO2 free steel, if renewable electricity is used. Further studies on the kinetics of the bubble column reactor, H-DRI shaft furnace, design and sizing of components, along with building of industrial prototypes are required to improve the understanding of the system performance.

scholarly journals Preparation of a Master Fe–Cu Alloy by Smelting of a Cu-Bearing Direct Reduction Iron Powder

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Liaoting Pan ◽  
Deqing Zhu ◽  
Zhengqi Guo ◽  
Jian Pan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Powder ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Sulfide Capacity ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Direct Reduction Iron ◽  
And Diffusion

Generally, the Cu-bearing direct reduction iron powder (CBDRI) obtained from a direct reduction-magnetic separation process of waste copper slag contains a high content of impurities and cannot be directly used to produce Cu-bearing special steel. In this paper, further smelting treatment of CBDRI was conducted to remove its impurities (such as S, SiO2, Al2O3, CaO and MgO) and acquire a high-quality Fe–Cu master alloy. The results show that the Fe–Cu master alloy, assaying 95.9% Fe, 1.4% Cu and minor impurities, can be obtained from the smelting process at 1550 °C for 40 min with 1.0 basicity. Meanwhile, the corresponding iron and copper recoveries are 98.6% and 97.2%, respectively. Theoretical calculations and experimental results show that appropriate basicity (0.9~1.1) is beneficial for the recovery of Fe and Cu from a thermodynamic viewpoint due to the excellent fluidity of the slag in this basicity range. Moreover, the mechanism of desulfurization was revealed by calculating the sulfide capacity and the desulfurization reaction kinetics. Increasing the binary basicity of the slag benefits both the sulfide capacity and diffusion coefficient of the sulfur in the molten slag, resulting in higher desulfurization efficiency and lower S content in the master alloy.

Production of iron powder from alloy steel scale by reduction with converted natural gas

1965 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 783-786
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Bulanov ◽  
V. K. Grushenko ◽  
O. I. Irimitsa ◽  
G. F. Mokshantsev ◽  
V. A. Pluzhnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Alloy Steel

Fundamental Research in Comprehensive Utilization of Bayan Obo Ore by Direct Reduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Gao ◽  
Yue Xin Han ◽  
Yan Jun Li ◽  
Wei Ye Ma
Keyword(s):  
Iron Powder ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Converter Steel ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Metallization Rate ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Bayan Obo ◽  
Low Efficiency

With the problems of hard processing, low efficiency and heavy pollution in Bayan Obo ore, A new combination flowsheet of coal-based direct reduction - benificiation was proposed to deal with the ore. By adjusting the parameters of temperature, time and ratio of carbon, the procedure of direct reduction is optimized and the iron is enrichment effectively. Experimental results show that the with the conditions of reduction temperature is 1225°C, reduction time is 30 mins and ratio of carbon is 2, the grade, metallization rate and recovery of the iron powder are 93.33%, 94.18% and 88.93% respectively. The iron powder by this process can be used as the raw material of converter steel making.

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