Quantum relativistic hydrodynamics of systems with broken symmetry. I. Local-equilibrium state

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Prozorkevich ◽  
V. L. Samorodov ◽  
S. A. Smolyanskii
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Broken Symmetry ◽  
Relativistic Hydrodynamics ◽  
Local Equilibrium State

scholarly journals Thermodynamic aspects of describing the contribution of spontaneous magnetism of electrons to the Hall resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vsevolod Okulov ◽  
Evgeny Pamyatnykh
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Spontaneous Magnetization ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Electron System ◽  
Hall Resistance ◽  
Orbital Interaction ◽  
Spin Orbital ◽  
Conduction Current ◽  
Local Equilibrium State ◽  
Current Densities

On the base of the analysis of quantum-statistical description of the magnetization of electron system containing the spontaneous spin polarization contribution there were found the magnetization and conduction current densities in equilibrium state. It has been shown that equilibrium surface conduction current ensures realization of demagnetization effects but in local equilibrium state determines local equilibrium part of the Hall conductivity. As a result one is given the justification of influence of the spontaneous magnetization on galvanomagnetic effects, which is not related to spin-orbital interaction.

scholarly journals Clausius' entropy revisited

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (09) ◽  
pp. 1450073 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. D. Cohen ◽  
R. L. Merlino
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Local Equilibrium State

Conventional nonequilibrium thermodynamics is mainly concerned with systems in local equilibrium and their entropy production, due to the irreversible processes which take place in these systems. In this paper, fluids will be considered in a state of local equilibrium. We argue that the main feature of such systems is not the entropy production, but the organization of the flowing currents in such systems. These currents do not only have entropy production, but must also have an organization needed to flow in a certain direction. It is the latter, which is the source of the equilibrium entropy, when the fluid goes from a local equilibrium state to an equilibrium state. This implies a transmutation of the local equilibrium currents' organization into the equilibrium entropy. Alternatively, when a fluid goes from an equilibrium state to a local equilibrium state, its entropy transmutes into the organization of the currents of that state.

scholarly journals 1P087 An Information Theoretical Approach to Local Equilibrium State Analysis for Single-Molecule Time-Series(01F. Protein:Engineering,Poster)

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (supplement1-2) ◽  
pp. S120
Author(s):  
J. Nick Taylor ◽  
C. B. Li ◽  
S. Kawai ◽  
Henning D. Mootz ◽  
Haw Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Local Equilibrium State ◽  
Information Theoretical Approach ◽  
State Analysis

Final equilibrium state of a two-dimensional shear layer

1991 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 661-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sommeria ◽  
C. Staquet ◽  
R. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Shear Layer ◽  
Stream Function ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Final Equilibrium State ◽  
Initial Vorticity ◽  
Pseudo Spectral Method

We test a new statistical theory of organized structures in two-dimensional turbulence by direct numerical stimulations of the Navier–Stokes equations, using a pseudo-spectral method. We apply the theory to the final equilibrium state of a shear layer evolving from a band of uniform vorticity: a relationship between vorticity and stream function is predicted by maximizing an entropy with the constraints due the constants of the motion. A partial differential equation for the stream function is then obtained. In the particular case of a very thin initial vorticity band, the Stuart's vortices appear to be a family of solutions for this equation. In more general cases we do not solve the equation, but we test the theory by inspecting the relationship between stream function and vorticity in the final equilibrium state of the numerical computation. An excellent agreement is obtained in regions with strong vorticity mixing. However, local equilibrium is obtained before a complete mixing can occur in the whole fluid domain.

scholarly journals The Metastable Mpemba Effect Corresponds to a Non-monotonic Temperature Dependence of Extractable Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Chétrite ◽  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
John Bechhoefer
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Thermal Relaxation ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Coarse Grained State ◽  
Local Equilibrium State ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages

The Mpemba effect refers to systems whose thermal relaxation time is a non-monotonic function of the initial temperature. Thus, a system that is initially hot cools to a bath temperature more quickly than the same system, initially warm. In the special case where the system dynamics can be described by a double-well potential with metastable and stable states, dynamics occurs in two stages: a fast relaxation to local equilibrium followed by a slow equilibration of populations in each coarse-grained state. We have recently observed the Mpemba effect experimentally in such a setting, for a colloidal particle immersed in water. Here, we show that this metastable Mpemba effect arises from a non-monotonic temperature dependence of the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from the local-equilibrium state at the end of Stage 1.

Quantum relativistic hydrodynamics of systems with broken symmetry

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Smolyanskii
Keyword(s):  
Broken Symmetry ◽  
Relativistic Hydrodynamics

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of Dense Collisional Systems with Extended Distribution of Particle Sizes

1992 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
H. Salo
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Orbital Evolution ◽  
Momentum Exchange ◽  
Local Equilibrium State ◽  
Radial Evolution ◽  
Self Gravity ◽  
Radial Behaviour

The dynamical evolution of dense planetary rings, such as Saturn's rings, is mainly governed by the mutual impacts between macroscopic icy particles. The local equilibrium state is determined by the energy loss in partially inelastic impacts and the viscous gain of energy from the systematic velocity field. Due to frequent impacts the time-scale for the establishment of local energy equilibrium is very short, as compared to the time-scale for radial evolution, which is determined by viscous spreading, and in some cases also by the angular momentum exchange with external satellites. Therefore, local and radial behaviour can, to a large extent be studied separately. This fact is utilized by the local simulation method (Wisdom and Tremaine, 1988; Salo, 1991), following the orbital evolution in a small co-moving region inside the rings with periodic boundary conditions. Compared to previous simulation methods (Salo, 1987) this enables much higher surface density. With the presently attainable number of particles (up to several thousands), realistic modeling of dense regions is possible, taking simultaneously into account the particle size distribution, rotation of particles, as well as vertical self-gravity. By combining several local simulations with different surface densities, it is possible to deduce the expected radial behaviour as well.

A Hitherto Undescribed Naturally Occurring Plasma Antagonist of Activated Factor X Inhibitor (Antithrombin III)

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Yin ◽  
W. J. Salsgiver ◽  
O. Tangen
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Incubation Mixture ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Normal Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Component ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Normal Human

Circumstantial evidence suggested that normal human plasma contained a substance regulating the neutralization of F.Xa by F.Xa inhibitor(XaI), (Yin et.al.,Adv.Exper. Med. & Biol., 52 : 239, 1975, Plenum Press, N.Y.).This plasma component has now been isolated and partially purified in our laboratory, and tentatively designated as “Anti-XaI”.In experiments employing purified components, when Anti-XaI was incubated at 37°C with F.Xa, Xal and heparin for two minutes at pH7.5, the amount of F.Xa inhibited was inversely proportional to the Anti-XaI concentration. But, when the F.Xa was replaced by thrombin in the incubation mixture, the neutralization of thrombin clotting activity was undisturbed.Anti-XaI was found to be neither PF3 nor PF4.These and other data strongly suggest that the “Antithrombin III pathway” is more complex than currently believed to be. In circulating blood an equilibrium state must exist between Anti-XaI and XaI.Under certain conditions when the Anti-XaI activity is predominant the rate of F.Xa neutralization bv XaI then becomes slower than the activation of prothrombin to thrombin by F.Xa.

Broken symmetry and magnetoacoustic effects in ferroand antiferromagnetics

1983 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii A. Turov ◽  
Vladimir G. Shavrov
Keyword(s):  
Broken Symmetry
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