Dynamics of drug distribution. I. Role of the second and third curve moments

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weiss ◽  
K. Sandy Pang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Curve Moments

scholarly journals Expression of drug transporters in the human skin: comparison in different species and models and its implication for drug development

ADMET & DMPK ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Osman-Ponchet ◽  
Alexandre Gaborit ◽  
Jean-Michel Linget ◽  
Claire E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Drug Transporters ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Novel Targets

<p class="ADMETabstracttext">It is clear that many drug transporters (both ABCs and SLCs) are present in the human skin. Different in vitro skin models can be used to investigate the role of drug transporters in the skin despite quantitative differences in expression profile across species. P-gp was shown to have an important influence on transdermal drug absorption in the skin and to function in “absorptive” transport, carrying substrate drugs from the skin surface to the dermis. This observation might be used to modulate drug distribution inside the skin. If drugs can be retained in the epidermis compartment by inhibition of the transporters, such property of the drug would be beneficial for treatment of dermatological diseases. Therefore, it might be feasible to control transdermal delivery of drugs to specific locations in the skin, by modulating the function of the transporters in the skin. We are at the dawn of an exciting period where drug transporters might be novel targets for improvement of drug delivery to the skin and for pharmacological intervention.</p>

scholarly journals Non-Prescription Drug Distribution in Italy: The Role of Large-Scale Retailers

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Riboldazzi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Distribution Phase ◽  
Regulatory Actions

In recent years, a series of regulatory actions have reformed the Italian pharmaceutical supply chain, particularly that of non-prescription drugs. The present study analyzes the distribution phase of non-prescription drugs. Specifically, it focuses on the retail market of pharmaceuticals in Italy, highlighting the different sales formats and the role played by those large-scale retailers that have been able to develop new pharmaceutical offerings in their point of sales through dynamic management of retailing mix levers in a competitive perspective.

Differential role of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in drug distribution into brain, CSF and peripheral nerve tissues in rats

Xenobiotica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyue Huang ◽  
Xingwen Li ◽  
Jonathan Roberts ◽  
Brett Janosky ◽  
Min-Hwa Jasmine Lin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Breast Cancer Resistance Protein ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Resistance Protein

Investigational Drug Services —A Challenge and Opportunity for Pharmacists

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 420-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeri J. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Investigational Drug ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Investigational Agent ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Clinical Drug

The opportunities and challenges in providing pharmacy coordinated Investigational Drug Services (IDS) have grown tremendously in the past 10-15 years. The evolution of the Investigational Drug Service at Rush Medical Center is described. The job of an investigational drug service pharmacist is multifaceted, and goes beyond inventory control and drug distribution. Before a clinical drug trial can be initiated, federal law requires that the study be reviewed by an Institutional Review Board. The IDS pharmacist can serve as a valuable member on this committee, providing expertise on the drug therapy and assure complete and accurate information is available. A major role of the IDS pharmacist is to review or complete summary documents called investigational drug data sheets. Each study is unique, and has its own requirements for procurement, distribution, preparation, and accountability. The IDS pharmacist should utilize the existing pharmacy system to develop protocol specific procedures for handling the investigational agent. The IDS pharmacist is frequently audited by sponsors and study monitors. Computerization and technology have also played a major role in the evolution of the IDS. In today's business environment, the IDS pharmacist must also be a skillful negotiator to guarantee funding for IDS services.

scholarly journals PERANAN HAKIM DALAM PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA NARKOBA MELALUI PUTUSAN YANG BERKEADILAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Oksidelfa Yanto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Supreme Commander

Indonesia is the fourth largest country in the capacity of the population number in the world. As the country with the largest population, various problems often plague the nation of Indonesia. One such problem is the problem of law enforcement and narcotics and drugs cases. Up to now Indonesia is confronted with drug trafficking that is very alarming. Drug crimes are so uncontrolled in social life. It is undeniable that narcotics have been threatening the future of the nation. There have been already many victims even until some of them dies. Drug abuse has reached very dangerous phase. There is no other way, government and officials must immediately take a serious and earnest step. It is a pity that the nation's children must always be the victims of drug distribution by the syndicate. Laws must be enforced as fairly as possible. Because the law is the supreme commander that must not be defeated by anything.Keywords: role of the judge, crime, drugs

scholarly journals Opium and Migration: Jardine Matheson's imperial connections and the recruitment of Chinese labour for Assam, 1834–39

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1626-1655
Author(s):  
STAN NEAL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
East India Company ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
China Coast

AbstractThis article examines the role of the private merchant firm Jardine Matheson in procuring Chinese tea cultivators for the East India Company's experimental tea plantations in Assam in the 1830s. Where existing literature has detailed the establishment of a Tea Committee by the East India Company to oversee these tea plantations, the focus of this article is on the way that the illicit opium-distribution network of Jardine Matheson was used to extract labour, tea specimens, and knowledge from China. The colonial state's experimental tea plantations were directly connected to the devastation of the opium trade. The multiple uses of Jardine Matheson's drug-distribution networks and skilled employees becomes evident upon examination of their role in facilitating Chinese migration. The recruitment of tea cultivators from China in the 1830s also impacted on colonial concepts of racial hierarchy and the perceived contrast between savagery and civilization. Ultimately, Jardine Matheson's extraction of skilled labour from the China coast informs our understanding of the evolving private networks that became crucial to British imperialism in Asia, and through which labour, capital, people, information, and ideas could be exchanged.

scholarly journals Role of transporters in drug distribution into the CNS

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
Drug Distribution

scholarly journals Role of Glutathione in the Multidrug Resistance in Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Karwicka
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Drug Detoxification ◽  
Extracellular Environment

SummaryMultidrug resistance is the main problem in anticancer therapy. Cancer cells use many defense strategies in order to survive chemotherapy. Among known multidrug resistance mechanisms the most important are: drug detoxification inside the cell using II phase detoxifying enzymes and active transport of the drug to the extracellular environment. Cancer cells may be also less sensitive to proapoptotic signals and have different intracellular drug distribution, which makes them more resistant to anticancer drugs. Role of glutathione in multidrug resistance is the object of interest of many scientists, however, defining it’s function in these processes still remains a challenge. In this paper, properties of glutathione and it’s role in multidrug resistance in cancer cells were described.

scholarly journals Role of G protein-coupled receptor 1 in choriocarcinoma progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. C556-C565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Huang ◽  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Junlei Chang ◽  
Xiaoyong Dai ◽  
Guiyuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Erk Phosphorylation ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Choriocarcinoma is characterized by malignant proliferation and transformation of trophoblasts and is currently treated with systemic chemotherapeutic agents. The lack of specific targets for chemotherapeutic agents results in indiscriminate drug distribution. In our study, we aimed to delineate the mechanism by which G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) regulates the development of choriocarcinoma and thus investigated GPR1 as a prospective chemotherapeutic target. In this study, GPR1 expression levels were examined in several trophoblast cell lines. We found significantly higher GPR1 expression in choriocarcinoma cells (JEG3 and BeWo) than in normal trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo). Additionally, we studied the role of GPR1 in choriocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. GPR1 knockdown suppressed proliferation, invasion, and Akt and ERK phosphorylation in vitro and slowed tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, GPR1 overexpression promoted increased proliferation, invasion, and Akt and ERK phosphorylation in vitro. Furthermore, we identified a specific GPR1-binding seven-amino acid peptide, LRH7-G3, that might also suppress choriocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo through phage display. Our study is the first to report that GPR1 may play a role in regulating choriocarcinoma progression through the Akt and ERK pathways. GPR1 could be a promising potential pharmaceutical target for choriocarcinoma.

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