Heavy metals in vegetables grown in the Netherlands and in domestic and imported fruits

1990 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Ellen ◽  
Johannes W. Loon ◽  
Kars Tolsma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Netherlands

Policy development for the reduction of pollution caused by traffic experiences from The Netherlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Berbee ◽  
P. Vermij ◽  
W.J. van de Laak
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Diffuse Source ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

Road traffic is a diffuse source of heavy metals and oil that leads to pollution of verges and surface water in areas immediately surrounding roads. The Commission for Integrated Water Management (CIW) has drawn up a policy document addressing methods for managing this type of pollution. The document is based on results from numerous studies in The Netherlands targeting pollution caused by traffic. The Commission concludes that measures at the source are the only way to realise sustainable solutions. For example, attention should be devoted to the issue of zinc emissions from car tyres and crash barriers. The concept of controlled infiltration is recommended for combating pollution caused by spray and runoff from roads. This includes periodic chemical inspection of verge pollution and, where necessary, replacement of the verge's top layer. The application of porous asphalt on highways in The Netherlands has also proven highly effective in limiting pollution caused by traffic, with far less pollution caused by spray from the highway and runoff as compared to traditional asphalt.

Agronomical and environmental implications of soil enrichment with p and k and heavy metals from animal slurries

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
F.A.M. de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Fodder Production

A few decades ago in The Netherlands in the same way as in a number of other West-European countries a development started of excessive growth of animal husbandry. While in former agricultural production where animals were involved more or less a balance existed between the number of animals to be held on a certain farm, and the area available for feed and fodder production, this balance was now disturbed by the import of huge quantities of feed and raw materials for feed production. This has led to the situation that a mineral excess from animal manure exists for The Netherlands as a whole. In specific parts of the country, especially the sandy area, mineral availability has grown to excessive amounts. The environmental problems involved are related to:-leaching of nitrate to groundwater at a concentration level which causes unsuitability for drinking water purposes;-accumulation of phosphorus in the soil profile, and in case of P-saturation of the soil, leaching to groundwater and surface water, thus inducing eutrophlcation problems;-leaching of K to groundwater at a concentration level exceeding the potassium standard;-accumulation of heavy metals in soil, especially Cd, Cu and Zn, at a level which may induce malfunctioning of soil, both with respect to water quality, and to crop yield and crop composition.

Vitrification of Bottom Ash From AVR MSW Incinerators

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xiao ◽  
M. Oorsprong ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
J. H. L. Voncken
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Soil And Water

During incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), various environmentally harmful elements and heavy metals are liberated either into bottom ash, or carried away with the off-gases and subsequently trapped in fly-ash. If these minor but harmful elements are not properly isolated and immobilized, it can lead to secondary environmental pollution to the air, soil and water. The stricter environmental regulations to be implemented in the near future in the Netherlands require a higher immobilization efficiency of the bottom ash treatment. In the present study, MSW incinerator bottom ash was vitrified at higher temperatures and the slag formed and metal recovered were examined. The behaviour of soluble elements that remain in the slag is evaluated by leaching extraction. The thermodynamics of slag and metal formation is discussed. The results obtained can provide a valuable route to treat the ashes from incinerators, and to make recycling and more efficient utilization of the bottom ash possible.

Effect of external shipping traffic on the transport of polluted sediments into the inner city canals of Delft (The Netherlands)

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kelderman ◽  
Dessalegn Bezabih Kassie ◽  
M. Bijlsma ◽  
L. C. Okonkwo ◽  
A. A. T. Doppenberg
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Polluted Sediments ◽  
Shipping Traffic ◽  
Thickness Measurements

The effect of external shipping traffic on the transport of polluted sediments into the inner city canals of Delft was investigated in a field study, measuring flow velocities and suspended solids contents in the water prior to, during and directly after passage of commercial vessels on the main navigation canal bordering the inner city canal system. Turbulent conditions caused strongly increased flow rates, viz. up to 1 m/sec. These flows were dominantly directed inwards, thus causing a net accumulation of pollutant-loaded sediment material inside the Delft inner city canals. Mass budget calculations as well as sludge thickness measurements revealed that of the ca. 520 tons of sludge material imported annually, about 40% can be attributed to external shipping traffic. The above observations were further supported in experiments with sediment traps located at stations within, as well as outside, the influence of the external shipping traffic. Here, also an apparent import of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu), attached to the sludge material, could be observed.

Biomonitoring with the BuzzardButeo buteo in the Netherlands: Heavy metals and sources of variation

1996 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowie P. Jager ◽  
Frank V. J. Rijnierse ◽  
Hans Esselink ◽  
Aalbert J. Baars
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sources Of Variation

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF A FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE APPROXIMATE ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS AND METALLOIDS IN SOIL

2011 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Yu. Vodianitsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Heavy Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Local Background ◽  
The Right

In Russia, as a tentatively permissible concentration (ODK) use fixed concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids. Proposed in 1987 by SanPiN and the principle of flexibility developed in the Netherlands in 1997 к The assessment of the CST*, addresses many of the disadvantages of a fixed CST, as it is based on the sum of the local background metal content and the maximum allowable additive.At this stage, the flexible approach does not take into account all of the following of the pollutant's behavior in the soil, although the transition from concepts of fixed standards to the flexible is to move in the right direction. The development of a flexible approach is proposed to the assessment of the UEC, taking into account the inert fraction of the pollutant. Examples have shown that soil contamination with heavy metals is in some cases significantly higher in the assessment using the flexible criterion of the UEC. The application of the flexible UEC** criteria, taking into account the inert fraction in the soil, will be possible after the improvement of the system of chemical extraction of highly contaminated soils.

The distribution of heavy metals in a transect of the three states the Netherlands, Germany and Poland, determined with the aid of moss monitoring

1996 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Herpin ◽  
J. Berlekamp ◽  
B. Markert ◽  
B. Wolterbeek ◽  
K. Grodzinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Moss Monitoring
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