Microbiological contamination of drinking water in a commercial household water filter system

Treatment of drinking water at the point of use (POU) has demonstrated health benefits for people who have access only to microbially contaminated drinking water. In this work, the ceramic siphon POU water filter was evaluated for its ability to reduce indicator microorganisms in test waters. During batch challenge tests, the filter reduced Escherichia coli in filtered water by 7 log10 (99.999987%) and bacteriophage MS2 by 0.12 log10 (24.0%). Next, a novel continuous flow dosing system allowing sewage-amended feed water to constantly pass through the filters allowed for determination of changes in microbial reductions over time and total volume of water filtered. E. coli B, MS2 and fluorescent microspheres (as a surrogate for Cryptosporidium oocysts) were seeded into test water and dosed to filters at 10, 25 and 50% of the filter's volume lifespan. Microbial removal efficacy decreased as the volume of water filtered increased and test filters did not achieve their volume lifespan before physically failing. The ceramic siphon household water filter is effective in reducing E. coli and surrogates for Cryptosporidium in water, but filter modifications may be needed to achieve acceptable levels of virus removal and to reach the target 7,000 L volume lifespan of the filter.

Download Full-text

Model Program Processing of Fishbone Waste Transfer for The Application of Drinking Water Products and Test Characterization

Journal of Technomaterials Physics ◽

10.32734/jotp.v1i1.827 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Muhammad sontang Sihotang

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Social Innovation ◽

Social Engineering ◽

Fish Bone ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Coastal Pollution ◽

Water Filter ◽

Filter System ◽

Fish Bones ◽

High Calcium

The fish bone waste treatment program for the application of useful products, specifically as a natural ingredient of the drinking water filter.This program works with coastal communities in terms of providing raw materials. This program is a social innovation from the transfer of knowledge of the university's inventors to the coastal communities, in the aim to maintain and improve the cleanliness of the environment, which is then applied for the purpose of developing a water filter system. The contribution of this organic product is useful for Small, Micro & Medium Enterprises engaged in the production of food and beverages, as well as donations for cosmetic and health products to industries, as well as donations to policy development, through the application of environmental physics and science development to product development, pre-commercialization and commercialization (social engineering & manufacturing). The involvement of coastal communities in utilizing their waste is to achieve the empowerment of coastal communities, emphasizing community involvement to learn and cooperate for future development goals. Prior to the formation of this program, the community who failed to take care of its waste often had the waste dumped into the sea, rivers and garbage collection sites. The disposal causes the form of pollution problems that invite various dangerous diseases and cause the community environment to be clean, smelly and diseased. The results of the research have been done, Fish bone waste can be processed to be a product of water filter system resulting from fish processing industry, which contains high calcium. Fish bones are very rich in calcium that is needed by the human body, because the main elements of fish bones are calcium and phosphorus. The use of fish bone calcium is widespread such as overcoming coastal pollution and other environments in the disposal of heavy metals such as Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe).

Download Full-text

Self-Reported Physical Complaints are Reduced Upon Regular Use of an In-Home Water Filter System (AcalaQuell®): A Prospective, Controlled Documentation Study

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315510999200727204959 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Rainer Schneider

Keyword(s):

Life Stress ◽

Tap Water ◽

Real Life ◽

Household Water Treatment ◽

Water Filter ◽

Filter System ◽

Physical Complaints ◽

Household Water ◽

Actual Use

Background: The emerging public concern regarding the quality of drinking water has led to an increased interest in household water treatment systems. Many systems reduce contaminants effectively in laboratory tests at least to some degree, but for the vast majority their effects in actual use are not investigated. Objective: To test the effectiveness of an in-home water filter system (AcalaQuell® Swing) in reducing health problems under real life conditions. Methods: Twenty participants suffering from cardiovascular ailments, gastrointestinal issues or fatigue/exhaustion symptoms were enrolled in the study. In the control condition (three weeks) they consumed 35ml of tap water per kg of body weight daily. After an intermission of one week, they drank the same amount of filtered water in the following three weeks. Results: There was a slarge reduction in physical complaints after consumption of the filtered water (d = 1.4), and an increase in resiliency to physical and mental stress, cognitive performance and affectivity (d = 1.0). Conclusion: The AcalaQuell® Swing water filter effectively mitigates health complaints. The effect is not due to expectation, increase in water consumption, decrease of life stress, or spontaneous symptom remission.

Download Full-text

DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE HOUSEHOLD WATER DEVICE FOR IMPROVING DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN NIGERIA

Engineering and Technology Research Journal ◽

10.47545/etrj.2020.5.2.065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 60-66

Author(s):

J.G. Akinbomi ◽

I.I. Odika

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Tap Water ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

State University ◽

Water Filter ◽

Household Water ◽

Α Level

Pipe borne water supplied to Nigerian households may not always meet the accepted drinking water quality standards due to possible water pipe damage. The objective of this study was, therefore, to develop a portable water filter device for improving household drinking water quality. Five litres of representative tap water samples collected from Lagos State University Staff quarters were passed through the developed device. The experimental variables investigated for data acquisition were aeration period of untreated tap water; device backwashing operation cycles and retention times of tap water in the filter device. The results of the analyses of water samples for the various values of the experimental variables showed that the range values of water parameters between the treated and untreated tap water samples were 0.04-0.05, 0.02-0.03, 0.04-0.12, 0.3-0.4, 125-137, 10-20, 3-10 mg/L for barium, chromium, iron, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, hardness and chloride, respectively. Although the developed device helped in improving the quality of the tap water; the p-values for the different experimental variables were greater than α-level of 0.05 indicating the non-significance of using the developed water device. Consequently, future study will consider other experimental variables that will justify the significance of using the developed device.

Download Full-text

Integration of Household Water Filters with Community-Based Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion—A Process Evaluation and Assessment of Use among Households in Rwanda

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1615

Author(s):

Abigail Bradshaw ◽

Lambert Mugabo ◽

Alemayehu Gebremariam ◽

Evan Thomas ◽

Laura MacDonald

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Low Income ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Health Impact ◽

Product Distribution ◽

Household Level ◽

Water Filter ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

Household Water ◽

Water Filters

Unsafe drinking water contributes to diarrheal disease and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income contexts, especially among children under five years of age. Household-level water treatment interventions have previously been deployed in Rwanda to address microbial contamination of drinking water. In this paper, we describe an effort to integrate best practices regarding distribution and promotion of a household water filter with an on-going health behavior messaging program. We describe the implementation of this program and highlight key roles including the evaluators who secured overall funding and conducted a water quality and health impact trial, the promoters who were experts in the technology and behavioral messaging, and the implementers who were responsible for product distribution and education. In January 2019, 1023 LifeStraw Family 2.0 household water filters were distributed in 30 villages in the Rwamagana District of Rwanda. Approximately a year after distribution, 99.5% of filters were present in the household, and water was observed in 95.1% of filters. Compared to another recent water filter program in Rwanda, a lighter-touch engagement with households and supervision of data collection was observed, while also costing approximately twice per household compared to the predecessor program.

Download Full-text

DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

Jurnal Air Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jai.v3i1.2314 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nusa Idaman Said

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Purification ◽

Distribution System ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Disinfection Byproducts ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2), Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

Download Full-text