The impact of degenerative conditions in the spine on bone mineral density and fracture risk prediction

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Recke1 ◽  
M. A. Hansen ◽  
K. Overgaard ◽  
C. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fracture Risk Prediction

scholarly journals The Effect of Quantitative Computed Tomography Acquisition Protocols on Bone Mineral Density Estimation

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Giambini ◽  
Dan Dragomir-Daescu ◽  
Paul M. Huddleston ◽  
Jon J. Camp ◽  
Kai-Nan An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Material Property ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk Prediction

Osteoporosis is characterized by bony material loss and decreased bone strength leading to a significant increase in fracture risk. Patient-specific quantitative computed tomography (QCT) finite element (FE) models may be used to predict fracture under physiological loading. Material properties for the FE models used to predict fracture are obtained by converting grayscale values from the CT into volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) using calibration phantoms. If there are any variations arising from the CT acquisition protocol, vBMD estimation and material property assignment could be affected, thus, affecting fracture risk prediction. We hypothesized that material property assignments may be dependent on scanning and postprocessing settings including voltage, current, and reconstruction kernel, thus potentially having an effect in fracture risk prediction. A rabbit femur and a standard calibration phantom were imaged by QCT using different protocols. Cortical and cancellous regions were segmented, their average Hounsfield unit (HU) values obtained and converted to vBMD. Estimated vBMD for the cortical and cancellous regions were affected by voltage and kernel but not by current. Our study demonstrated that there exists a significant variation in the estimated vBMD values obtained with different scanning acquisitions. In addition, the large noise differences observed utilizing different scanning parameters could have an important negative effect on small subregions containing fewer voxels.

Fracture Risk Prediction Using Phalangeal Bone Mineral Density or FRAX®?—A Danish Cohort Study on Men and Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Friis-Holmberg ◽  
Katrine Hass Rubin ◽  
Kim Brixen ◽  
Janne Schurmann Tolstrup ◽  
Mickael Bech
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Danish Cohort ◽  
Phalangeal Bone ◽  
Fracture Risk Prediction

scholarly journals The Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Musculoskeletal Stem Cell Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6670
Author(s):  
Jordan Marcano Anaya ◽  
Wendy B. Bollag ◽  
Mark W. Hamrick ◽  
Carlos M. Isales
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
The Impact

Although aging is considered a normal process, there are cellular and molecular changes that occur with aging that may be detrimental to health. Osteoporosis is one of the most common age-related degenerative diseases, and its progression correlates with aging and decreased capacity for stem cell differentiation and proliferation in both men and women. Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway appears to be a key factor in promoting bone-aging phenotypes, promoting bone breakdown and interfering with stem cell function and osteogenesis; however, little data is available on the impact of tryptophan metabolites downstream of kynurenine. Here we review available data on the impact of these tryptophan breakdown products on the body in general and, when available, the existing evidence of their impact on bone. A number of tryptophan metabolites (e.g., 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HKYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and anthranilic acid (AA)) have a detrimental effect on bone, decreasing bone mineral density (BMD) and increasing fracture risk. Other metabolites (e.g., 3-hydroxyAA, xanthurenic acid (XA), picolinic acid (PIA), quinolinic acid (QA), and NAD+) promote an increase in bone mineral density and are associated with lower fracture risk. Furthermore, the effects of other tryptophan breakdown products (e.g., serotonin) are complex, with either anabolic or catabolic actions on bone depending on their source. The mechanisms involved in the cellular actions of these tryptophan metabolites on bone are not yet fully known and will require further research as they are potential therapeutic targets. The current review is meant as a brief overview of existing English language literature on tryptophan and its metabolites and their effects on stem cells and musculoskeletal systems. The search terms used for a Medline database search were: kynurenine, mesenchymal stem cells, bone loss, tryptophan metabolism, aging, and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The Impact of Glucose Tolerance States on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A279-A280
Author(s):  
Maria Chang Villacreses ◽  
Panadeekarn Panjawatanan ◽  
Rudruidee Karnchanasorn ◽  
Horng-Yih Ou ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Fracture Rate ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract It is generally acknowledged that fracture rate is higher in diabetic subjects than non-diabetic subjects. However, the impact of diabetes on bone is less clear due to contradictory results of bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture rate. To date, most of reports were based on the studies from relatively small sample sizes. To clarify the issues, we examined the fracture rates and BMD across a spectrum of glucose tolerance in a representative US population. The participants of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005–2010 were used in this study. Among adult subjects (age≥20 years old) with reported BMI, we were able to define the states of glucose tolerance in 31,073 subjects cording to the diagnostic criteria based on HbA1c, fasting glucose, and/or 2-h post-changed glucose with established diabetes and using diabetes medications, into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Those who received osteoporosis medications were excluded from BMD analysis. Fracture information was available in 15,547 subjects; validated hip BMD was available in 12,317 subjects; and validated lumbar spine BMD was available in 10,329 subjects. Fracture rates were compared among 3 groups of glucose tolerance states and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated in reference to the NGT group with sample weighting. BMD was compared among 3 groups of glucose tolerance with consideration of covariates. The reported osteoporosis diagnosed rate differed among 3 groups of glucose tolerances (3.99%, 5.77%, and 8.41%, P<0.001, for NGT, AGT, and DM respectively). Worsening states of glucose tolerance were associated increased fracture OR at Hip [AGT, 2.1770 (95% CI: 2.1732–2.1807) and DM, 2.7369 (95% CI: 2.7315–2.7423)], spine [AGT, 0.9924 (95% CI: 0.9912–0.9936); DM, 1.2405 (95% CI: 1.2387–1.2423)]. In contrast, a different trend was observed on the wrist fracture rate [AGT, 0.9556 (95% CI: 0.9551–0.9562); DM, 0.9053 (95% CI: 0.9045–0.9060)]. After adjustment for covariates, higher BMD was noted in AGT and DM when compared to NGT at total femur (NGT, 0.9760±0.0015 gm/cm2; AGT, 0.9853±0.0021 gm/cm2; DM 0.9847±0.0034 gm/cm2, mean±SE, P=0.001) and femoral neck (NGT, 0.8388±0.0015 gm/cm2; AGT, 0.8474±0.0020 gm/cm2; DM, 0.8496±0.0032 gm/cm2, P=0.0007) while no difference was found in lumbar spine BMD (NGT, 0.1.0441±0.0018 gm/cm2; AGT, 1.0406±0.0025 gm/cm2; DM, 1.0464±0.0041 gm/cm2, P=0.35). Our observed significant increased fracture risk at hip (OR: 2.7369) and lumbar spine (OR: 1.2405) in DM subjects when compared to NGT subjects. DM subjects had higher BMD at total femur and femoral neck than NGT subjects while no difference was noted at lumbar spine BMD when compared to NGT subjects. Further studies are required to explore the discrepancy between the increased fracture risk with higher BMDs in diabetes.

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