Differential impacts of academic and social experiences on college-related behavioral outcomes across different ethnic and gender groups at four-year institutions

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

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Moral Development: From Paradigms to Plurality

The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676049.013.1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Lene Arnett Jensen

Keyword(s):

Moral Development ◽

Life Course ◽

Human Development ◽

Developmental Pathways ◽

Entire Life ◽

Literature Reviews ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Diverse Groups

This chapter introduces The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. The handbook provides a comprehensive, international, and up-to-date review of research on moral development, including moral motives and behaviors, ontogeny and developmental pathways, and contexts that children, adolescents, and adults experience with respect to morality. Across more than 40 chapters, experts from disciplines such as anthropology, education, human development, psychology, and sociology address moral development through the entire life course among diverse groups within and across countries. This chapter addresses how the chapters provide literature reviews that are inclusive of highly diverse theoretical and research foci, as well as of diverse cultural, socioeconomic, and gender groups. The aim of the handbook is to contribute to the revitalization and flourishing of the field of moral development.

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From Teen Parent to Student Parent: Latina Mothers’ Persistence in Higher Education

Journal of Hispanic Higher Education ◽

10.1177/1538192720980308 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 153819272098030

Author(s):

Giselle Emilia Navarro-Cruz ◽

Brianne A. Dávila ◽

Claudia Kouyoumdjian

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Transition To Parenthood ◽

Social Experiences ◽

Latina Mothers ◽

Post Secondary ◽

Teen Parent ◽

Academic And Social Experiences ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Persistence In Higher Education

Less than half of adolescent mothers graduate from high school and fewer obtain a post-secondary degree. The purpose of this study is to understand how Latina mothers who experienced childbirth during adolescence transition to parenthood and higher education. We conducted 13 in-depth interviews with Latina mothers enrolled in higher education. We found that Latina mothers’ persistence in higher education is influenced by psychosocial factors, initial commitments, academic and social experiences in college, and final commitments.

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Rate of Prescription of Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Drugs after Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x12001392 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 519-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kim Usher ◽

Lawrence H. Brown ◽

Petra Buettner ◽

Beverley Glass ◽

Helen Boon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Antidepressant Drugs ◽

Publication Type ◽

Control Drug ◽

General Psychological Distress ◽

Anxiolytic Drugs ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Rule Out

AbstractIntroductionThe need to manage psychological symptoms after disasters can result in an increase in the prescription of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants and anxiolytics. Therefore, an increase in the prescription of antidepressants and anxiolytics could be an indicator of general psychological distress in the community.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if there was a change in the rate of prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs following Cyclone Yasi.MethodsA quantitative evaluation of new prescriptions of antidepressants and anxiolytics was conducted. The total number of new prescriptions for these drugs was calculated for the period six months after the cyclone and compared with the same six month period in the preceding year. Two control drugs were also included to rule out changes in the general rate of drug prescription in the affected communities.ResultsAfter Cyclone Yasi, there was an increase in the prescription of antidepressant drugs across all age and gender groups in the affected communities except for males 14-54 years of age. The prescription of anxiolytic drugs decreased immediately after the cyclone, but increased by the end of the six-month post-cyclone period. Control drug prescription did not change.ConclusionThere was a quantifiable increase in the prescription of antidepressant drugs following Cyclone Yasi that may indicate an increase in psychosocial distress in the community.UsherK, BrownLH, BuettnerP, GlassB, BoonH, WestC, GrassoJ, Chamberlain-SalaunJ, WoodsC. Rate of prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs after Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-5.

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Intersectionality of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Age on Criminal Punishment

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.1177/0731121416679371 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 810-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Darrell Steffensmeier ◽

Noah Painter-Davis ◽

Jeffery Ulmer

Keyword(s):

Black Males ◽

Behavioral Outcomes ◽

Hispanic Males ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Focal Concerns ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Statistical Studies ◽

Novel Method ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

And Gender

Race, ethnicity, gender, and age are core foci within sociology and law/criminology. Also prominent is how these statuses intersect to affect behavioral outcomes, but statistical studies of intersectionality are rare. In the area of criminal sentencing, an abundance of studies examine main and joint effects of race and gender but few investigate in detail how these effects are conditioned by defendant’s age. Using recent Pennsylvania sentencing data and a novel method for analyzing statistical interactions, we examine the main and combined effects of these statuses on sentencing. We find strong evidence for intersectionality: Harsher sentences concentrate among young black males and Hispanic males of all ages, while the youngest females (regardless of race/ethnicity) and some older defendants receive leniency. The focal concerns model of sentencing that frames our study has strong affinity with intersectionality perspectives and can serve as a template for research examining the ways social statuses shape inequality.

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Modernity in British advertising: selling cocoa and chocolate in the 1930s

Journal of Historical Research in Marketing ◽

10.1108/jhrm-05-2017-0015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 451-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael French

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Advertising Agency ◽

Consumer Durables ◽

Content Type ◽

Production Methods ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

New Consumer ◽

Health And Well Being

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of “push” marketing in the confectionery industry in Britain during the 1930s. It examines the interplay between a manufacturer and advertising agency in creating advertising for cocoa and chocolate. Design/methodology/approach A survey of the literature examines the uses of health and well-being in the design of advertising in Britain between the wars. The records of Rowntree and its main advertising agency, J Walter Thompson, are used to examine the themes and tactics used in advertising for cocoa and Aero chocolate bars during the 1930s. Findings The paper emphasises the different ways in which health and nutrition was used in advertising for the two products. The campaigns of the 1930s built on earlier use of these themes. J Walter Thompson looked for ways of presenting commodities as “new and improved” and their role extended into pressing for changes to production methods and the nature of products. Themes of modernity, sexuality and lifestyles all featured, confirming conclusions of earlier studies. However, targeting of mothers and of different age and gender groups indicated that market segmentation was used extensively via print media and tailored advertising messages. Originality/value Although Cadbury, Rowntree and confectionery have been studied in depth before, this paper emphasises their role in applying new advertising ideas to everyday items. It points to the influence of advertising on the mass of consumers compared to the middle- and upper-income groups targeted in the marketing of houses, motor-cars and new consumer durables.

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