Influence of posture on cardiorespiratory reflexes in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Navarro ◽  
William R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Reflexes

Desmopressin Stimulates Parallel Norepinephrine and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Normal Subjects and Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Grant ◽  
C Guay ◽  
R Lottenberg
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Endogenous Catecholamine ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

SummaryDesmopressin acetate administration markedly stimulates release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from vascular endothelial cells. The mechanism for this effect is unknown. Because infusion of epinephrine has been shown to increase t-PA levels, we examined the role of endogenous catecholamine mediation of t-PA release by desmopressin. Intravenous desmopressin acetate (0.3 μg/kg) was infused over 30 min in 9 controls and 11 subjects with diabetes mellitus, a condition associated with abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system. Plasma was collected in the supine, overnight fasted state at 15 min intervals (0-60 min) for measurement of t-PA activity, t-PA antigen and fractionated catecholamines. t-PA activity peaked at 30-45 min and subsequently decreased. The norepinephrine levels paralleled the t-PA activity. t-PA activity increased 10-fold from 0.14 ± .12 to 1.49 ± 0.79 IU/ml (Mean ± SD) and plasma norepinephrine increased 2- fold from 426 ± 90 to 780 ± 292 pg/ml. However, epinephrine and dopamine levels did not change significantly. The response to desmopressin of control and diabetic subjects was not shown to differ and their data were combined. We conclude that desmopressin increases plasma norepinephrine in addition to t-PA and that the parallel time course of change suggests a possible role for norepinephrine in mediating endothelial cell t-PA release.

Effect of tolbutamide on glucose uptake by leucocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Dumm
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Glucose uptake and lactate production have been measured in suspensions of leucocytes in plasma. The rate of glucose uptake of the leucocytes of diabetics who required less than 30 u of insulin per day did not differ significantly from that of normal subjects and was higher than that of severe diabetics. Two hours after 1 gm of tolbutamide was given intravenously to the diabetic subjects, glucose uptake and lactate production tended to increase in subjects whose blood sugar fell at least 12%. Glucose uptake and lactate production by the leucocytes increased in some, but not in all normal subjects after the oral administration of glucose. Observations on the effects of tolbutamide are compatible with the hypothesis that one effect of the drug is to enhance the secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Submitted on May 28, 1959

Effect of a Purified Amylase Inhibitor on Carbohydrate Tolerance in Normal Subjects and Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER LAYER ◽  
ROBERT A. RIZZA ◽  
ALAN R. ZINSMEISTER ◽  
GERALD L. CARLSON ◽  
EUGENE P. DiMAGNO
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Carbohydrate Tolerance ◽  
Amylase Inhibitor ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Cardiovascular Responses to Sustained Handgrip in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Test of Autonomic Function

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ewing ◽  
J. B. Irving ◽  
F. Kerr ◽  
J. A. W. Wildsmith ◽  
B. F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

1. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to static muscular exercise were measured in sixty normal subjects and 124 patients with diabetes mellitus, aged 25–54 years, during a standardized sustained handgrip test at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). 2. The normal range of the response was established. Females had a smaller blood pressure rise than males, and their MVC was lower. In the normal subjects there was a significant correlation between the size of the MVC and the height of the blood pressure response. The absolute muscle tension exerted should be taken into account in addition to the percentage MVC, when comparing responses to sustained exercise in different disease states. 3. The diabetic subjects showed a similar sex difference in their response. The mean diastolic blood pressure rises were smaller than in the control groups, both in males and females, but this was related to a smaller mean MVC. 4. Twenty-two of the diabetic subjects had an abnormally low response to sustained handgrip, which was not related to age, duration of diabetes, treatment or control of the disease. These diabetic subjects probably had damage of the autonomic fibres mediating the response. The findings would suggest that sustained handgrip is a useful and simple method of detecting involvement of the autonomic nervous system in diabetes.

Cardiovascular Responses to Graded Reductions of Central Blood Volume in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bennett ◽  
D. J. Hosking ◽  
J. R. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vasomotor Function ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

1. Cardiovascular responses to graded increments of lower body negative pressure were studied in non-diabetic subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. 2. In all subjects, low levels of negative pressure (which did not affect significantly systemic arterial pressure) induced forearm vasoconstriction, suggesting normal function of the ‘low pressure’ cardiopulmonary baroreflex. However, in some diabetic patients the response to higher levels of negative pressure was abnormal, and it seems likely that although afferent mechanisms were intact there was impairment of efferent vasoconstrictor function. 3. Changes in R—R interval were linearly related to changes in systolic blood pressure induced by higher levels of negative pressure. The slope of the relationship was taken as the sensitivity of the ‘high pressure’ arterial baroreflex; diabetic patients showed a reduced sensitivity compared with normal subjects. Furthermore, in diabetic patients, abnormalities of R—R interval control were more common than abnormalities of vasoconstrictor function, suggesting that heart-rate control is impaired earlier than vasomotor function in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

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