Characteristics of African-Americans with multiple risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie M. Lollis ◽  
Ernest H. Johnson ◽  
Michael H. Antoni ◽  
Yvonne Hinkle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

Managing Multiple Risk Factors

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie M. Lolis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk

The relative and interactive impact of multiple risk factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a combined register-based and clinical twin study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. Lemvigh ◽  
R. Brouwer ◽  
R. Hilker ◽  
S. Anhøj ◽  
L. Baandrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Risk

Abstract Background Research has yielded evidence for genetic and environmental factors influencing the risk of schizophrenia. Numerous environmental factors have been identified; however, the individual effects are small. The additive and interactive effects of multiple risk factors are not well elucidated. Twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia offer a unique opportunity to identify factors that differ between patients and unaffected co-twins, who are perfectly matched for age, sex and genetic background. Methods Register data were combined with clinical data for 216 twins including monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) proband pairs (one or both twins having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis) and MZ/DZ healthy control (HC) pairs. Logistic regression models were applied to predict (1) illness vulnerability (being a proband v. HC pair) and (2) illness status (being the patient v. unaffected co-twin). Risk factors included: A polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia, birth complications, birth weight, Apgar scores, paternal age, maternal smoking, season of birth, parental socioeconomic status, urbanicity, childhood trauma, estimated premorbid intelligence and cannabis. Results The PRS [odds ratio (OR) 1.6 (1.1–2.3)], childhood trauma [OR 4.5 (2.3–8.8)], and regular cannabis use [OR 8.3 (2.1–32.7)] independently predicted illness vulnerability as did an interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use [OR 0.17 (0.03–0.9)]. Only regular cannabis use predicted having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis between patients and unaffected co-twins [OR 3.3 (1.1–10.4)]. Conclusion The findings suggest that several risk factors contribute to increasing schizophrenia spectrum vulnerability. Moreover, cannabis, a potentially completely avoidable environmental risk factor, seems to play a substantial role in schizophrenia pathology.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Risk Factors among a Low Socioeconomic Population

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3710
Author(s):  
Sylvie Muhimpundu ◽  
Rebecca Baqiyyah N. Conway ◽  
Shaneda Warren Andersen ◽  
Loren Lipworth ◽  
Mark D. Steinwandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Southeastern Us

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among White and African Americans from low socioeconomic backgrounds in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). The SCCS is a prospective cohort study with participants from the southeastern US. HCC incidence rates were calculated. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate HCC-adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) associated with known baseline HCC risk factors for White and African Americans, separately. There were 294 incident HCC. The incidence rate ratio for HCC was higher (IRR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1–1.9) in African Americans compared to White Americans. White Americans saw a stronger association between self-reported hepatitis C virus (aHR = 19.24, 95%CI: 10.58–35.00) and diabetes (aHR = 3.55, 95%CI: 1.96–6.43) for the development of HCC compared to African Americans (aHR = 7.73, 95%CI: 5.71–10.47 and aHR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.06–2.06, respectively) even though the prevalence of these risk factors was similar between races. Smoking (aHR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.87–4.52) and heavy alcohol consumption (aHR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.19–2.11) were significantly associated with HCC risk among African Americans only. In this large prospective cohort, we observed racial differences in HCC incidence and risk factors associated with HCC among White and African Americans.

Association between second-hand smoking and acute coronary heart disease among Arab women with multiple risk factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Awawdi ◽  
Hillel Steiner ◽  
Manfred S. Green ◽  
Shira Zelber-Sagi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
Second Hand Smoking

Multiple Risk Factors Before Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation Are Associated With Increased Graft Loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Auerbach ◽  
Marc E. Richmond ◽  
Jonathan M. Chen ◽  
Ralph S. Mosca ◽  
Jan M. Quaegebeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Transplantation ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk

Abstract P672: Black White Disparity in Multiple Risk Factors is Increased in Older Young Adults

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Mehndiratta ◽  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Adeolu Morawo ◽  
Seemant Chaturvedi ◽  
Carolyn A Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke In Young Adults ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Background: Stroke in young adults constitutes 15-18% of all ischemic strokes. Vascular risk factors contribute to stroke risk in young adults particularly older young adults. Few studies have addressed Black White differences in risk, stratified by age. We evaluated the prevalence of risk factors in the younger young (less than 40 years) vs. the older young adults (40 and above). Methods: A population based case control study with 1034 cases and 1091 controls, ages 15-49 was used to investigate the relationship between risk factors (DM, HTN, Smoking and Obesity) and stroke. Groups were defined by the number of risk factors (RF) among cases and controls : no risk factors (ref group), one RF, two RF, three RF and four RF. Prevalence of risk factors was determined in the entire population and stratified by age, sex and race. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of stroke based on the number of risk factors compared to the reference group. Results: The percent of cases with three or more risk factors was compared in different subgroups: ages 15-39 vs. 40-49 was 8.4 vs. 21.6, women vs. men was 15.6 vs. 18.6 and White vs. Black was 12.3 vs. 22.7. Among cases 40 years and older, Blacks were 3 times more likely than Whites (5.9 vs. 2) to have four or more risk factors.Across all age, race and sex subgroups, the odds of having a stroke increased exponentially with an increase in the number of risk factors. Conclusion: Blacks are more likely to have multiple risk factors than Whites. This difference is accentuated in those 40 years and older. Targeting young adults with multiple risk factors for preventive interventions would address a root case of excess stroke risk especially among Blacks.

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