The relationship of the vertical distribution of Japanese conifers to the maltol contents in their leaves

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1532-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takaishi ◽  
K. Koshio ◽  
M. Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

scholarly journals Distribusi Vertikal Logam Pb, Zn, Cr dan Keterkaitannya Terhadap Karbon Organik Sedimen di Pantai Marunda, Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Triyanti Nurhidayah ◽  
Lilik Maslukah ◽  
Sri Yulina Wulandari ◽  
Kurnia Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Sediment Texture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Very High

Pantai Marunda terletak di Teluk Jakarta dan berdekatan dengan muara Sungai Tiram. Kegiatan antropogenik di sekitar Pantai Marunda sangat tinggi, sehingga dapat menyumbang limbah yang mengandung logam berat Pb, Zn dan Cr. Limbah logam berat yang terakumulasi dalam perairan, akan  mengendap dalam sedimen dan seiring berjalannya waktu akan mengalami peningkatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui konsentrasi Pb, Zn, dan Cr berdasarkan kedalaman vertikal, hubungannya dengan karbon organik total (KOT) dan ukuran butir sedimen di Pantai Marunda. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan polietylen sediment core dan dipisahkan berdasarkan kedalamannya (1-3 cm, 4-6 cm, dan 7-9 cm). Logam berat dalam sedimen dianalisis menggunakan metode destruksi asam dan diukur nilai absorbansinya menggunakan AAS, karbon organik total menggunakan metode loss of ignition (LOI) dan analisa tekstur sedimen dengan metode pengayakan dilanjutkan pemipetan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi rerata logam berat Pb, Zn, Cr secara berurutan pada lapisan atas sebesar 5,14; 107,19; dan 12,79 ppm, lapisan tengah sebesar 4,41; 100,20; 12,28  ppm serta lapisan bawah sebesar 4,8; 101,30; 14,10 ppm. Logam berat Zn dan Cr berkorelasi positif kuat terhadap KOT dan persentase lumpur, sedangkan terhadap Pb berkorelasi negatif. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa distribusi logam berat Pb, Zn dan Cr secara vertikal menunjukkan konsentrasi tinggi pada lapisan permukaan yaitu pada kedalaman sedimen 1-3 cm dan keberadaanya ditentukan oleh konsesntrasi  KOT dan fraksi sedimen jenis lumpur. The Marunda Beach is located on the Jakarta Bay and adjacent to the mouth of the Tiram River. Anthropogenic activity around Marunda Beach is very high, so it can contribute the heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cr. The heavy metal will accumulate in the sediment and over time will be increase. The purpose of this study was to determine the vertical distribution of Pb, Zn, Cr, and their relationship to total organic carbon (TOC) and the grain size. Sediment samples were taken using polyethylene cores and this sample separated based on their depth (1-3 cm, 4-6 cm, and 7-9 cm). The heavy metals were analyzed using acid destruction and absorbance values were measured using AAS, TOC using the loss of ignition (LOI) and sediment texture with a sifting method, followed by pipetting. The results showed that the average concentration of Pb, Zn, Cr in the upper layer was 5.14; 107.19; 12.79 ppm, in the middle layer of 4.41; 100.20; 12.28 ppm and in the lower layer 4.8; 101.30; 14.10 ppm, respectively. Zn and Cr are strongly positively correlated to TOC and mud, and vice versa, the relationship to Pb is negative. The results of this study found that the vertical distribution of Pb, Zn and Cr was high in the surface layer (1-3 cm) and their presence was determined by TOC concentration and mud fraction.

Studies on West African Forest Mosquitos

1949 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
General Level ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Similar Kind

The present paper is the second of two dealing with field studies carried out near Lagos, Nigeria. The first paper covered four of the most abundant species encountered and the second is concerned with the remaining forty-eight. These are listed and the data relating to the thirty-eight least abundant, with the exception of two which were taken as males only, are given in tabular form. The other ten are dealt with at greater length. Males of twenty-six species were taken and in the case of three of these species they were so abundant as to create the impression that a swarming activity was involved. In the case of the ten more abundant species seasonal distribution curves are given based on average monthly catches and an attempt is made to relate these to variations in rainfall. The biting curves which are next discussed show a greater variety of types than those described in the first paper. In general, they are characterised by a fairly sharp peak associated with morning or evening twilight, but some have a more or less pronounced peak at both ends of the cycle and so correspond to the “eo-crepuscular” type of Haddow (1945). Anopheles paludis, like Taeniorhynchus africanus (described in the first paper) has an ill-defined period of maximum activity during the middle of the night. The necessity of sub-dividing the figures in order to obtain a picture of the vertical distribution of the various species led in one or two cases to anomalous results, but in general a clear and fairly convincing picture was obtained. None of the species dealt with in the present paper was sufficiently abundant to afford reliable data on hourly variations in vertical distribution. In the general discussion, which embodies such inferences as it has seemed permissible to draw from the data, attention is drawn to the fact that the so-called “biting cycle” does not, in all likelihood, depend exclusively on variations in the urge to bite, but is more probably an expression of cyclical changes taking place in the general level of activity of the mosquito. The possible relationship of such changes to changes of a similar kind in the physical environment is discussed, and it is pointed out that intrinsic rhythms in the mosquito, perhaps related to the breeding cycle, may also be involved. Some data are presented which, while partly explained by the presence of a sibling species, may also indicate an interrelationship between the breeding cycle and vertical distribution.

Vertical distribution of forms of potassium in major soil series of Tamil Nadu

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Natarajan ◽  
A. Renukadevi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Total Potassium

Fifteen major soil series at the rate of three for each soil group, namely red non-calcareous, red calcareous, black calcareous, brown calcareous and alluvial soils, were studied for the vertical distribution of different forms of potassium. The total potassium content varied from 515-5513 ppm and generally increased with depth. It was positively related with clay, silt, CaCO3, CEC and total Ca. Non-exchangeable K ranged from 340-1326 ppm and did not exhibit any uniformity in its distribution in soil profiles. The exchangeable K varied from 45-684 ppm and was positively related to organic carbon. NH4OAc-K ranged from 15-298 ppm. Soil properties like clay, silt, CaCO3 and organic matter were positively related to available K. Water-soluble K varied from 2-33 ppm and was found to decrease with the depth of the soil profile. It was positively correlated with organic carbon and negatively related to clay plus silt. Studies on the relationship between the above forms of potassium indicate that, except for total K, the other forms were closely related, indicating the possibility of predicting one from the other.

scholarly journals Distribusi Vertikal Asplenium nidus L. di Kawasan Hutan Imbowiari, Kepulauan Yapen, Papua (Vertical Distribution of Asplenium nidus L. in the Imbowiari Forest, Yapen Islands, Papua)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Edoward Krisson Raunsay ◽  
Maik Akobiarek ◽  
Marthinus Yohanis Ruamba
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Bird Nest ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Asplenium Nidus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Asplenium nidus L. has an important role as one of the bio-indicators of the cenderawasih bird nest and is massively found in the Imbowiari Forest, Yapen Islands Regency, Papua. Until now, there is no study on the investigation of their vertical distribution. This study aimed to identify the vertical distribution of A. nidus and the relationship with the height of the host trees. The population and samples of this study were all A. nidus existing in the Imbowiari Forest, and the samples were all A. nidus that is in the observation plot. This study employed a track path method consisting of 3 transects containing 15 observation plots. The results revealed 63 A. nidus in the area of Imbowiari Forest with the total number of host trees of 49. The A. nidus and host tree relationship was shown by the equation Y = 0,014X + 1.016 with R2 = 0,058. There was no correlation between the height of host trees and the vertical distribution of A. nidus. Keywords:  Asplenium nidus, Imbowiari Forest, vertical distribution

scholarly journals Irruptive prey dynamics following the groundfish collapse in the Northwest Atlantic: an illusion?

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1299-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Frank ◽  
William C. Leggett ◽  
Brian D. Petrie ◽  
Jonathan A. D. Fisher ◽  
Nancy L. Shackell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Forage Fishes ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract Frank, K. T., Leggett, W. C., Petrie, B., Fisher, J. A. D., Shackell, N. L., and Taggart, C. T. 2013. Pelagic fish outbreak in the Northwest Atlantic - reality or illusion? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . The collapse of Northwest Atlantic groundfish in the early 1990s yielded a “natural experiment” within which to explore responses of ecosystems to a major perturbation. The “Pelagic Outburst” hypothesis was developed to explain an up to 900% increase in the abundance of small-bodied forage fishes and macroinvertebrates following this collapse and a subsequent trophic cascade extending across four trophic levels. Recently, this theory has been challenged and an alternative “Suprabenthic Habitat Occupation” (SHO) hypothesis has been advanced; it proposes the prey outburst associated with the forage fish component was an illusion created by changes in the vertical distribution of small pelagic fishes after the cod collapse in favour of a more bottom-oriented distribution that increased their vulnerability to bottom trawls. We evaluated the SHO hypothesis as it applied to the relationship between changes in the biomass of cod and the vertical distribution of herring and sand lance, the major small pelagic species of the Scotian Shelf ecosystem off eastern Nova Scotia. Contrary to predictions of the SHO hypothesis our initial conclusion that a pelagic outburst occurred in that ecosystem was confirmed and we found no evidence of a predator effect on vertical distributions of these species. We also explored the acoustic survey design and execution that generated the data that form the cornerstone of the SHO hypothesis, and the coherence between the behaviour depicted in these data and catch rates in the surface-oriented purse-seine fishery for herring operating at the time of these surveys. In combination, the results of our re-analysis of the population dynamics and behaviour of herring on the eastern Scotian Shelf, lead us to conclude that the SHO hypothesis, at least as it relates to the post-cod collapse dynamics of the affected Northwest Atlantic ecosystems, is not supported.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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