Spontaneous regeneration of the gastrocnemius muscle of the frog,Rana tigrina

1974 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ravindranathan ◽  
P. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Rana Tigrina ◽  
Spontaneous Regeneration

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the viscoelastic characteristics of the lower leg muscles

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
E. M. Timanin ◽  
N. S. Sydneva ◽  
A. A. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Intercellular Substance ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Viscoelastic Characteristics ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Introduction. To date there is a lack of studies dedicated to the objectification of the palpation data obtained by a specialist during the osteopathic examination. The issue of the evidence of the results of osteopathic correction still remains important. Search for instrumental methods allowing to register and to measure various palpation phenomena and manifestations of somatic dysfunctions is very relevant for the development of osteopathy as a science. It is also very important to find objective characteristics of these methods.Goal of research — to study viscoelastic characteristics of the soft tissues of the lower legs by palpation and instrumental methods before and after osteopathic correction.Materials and methods. 22 volunteers (12 women and 10 men) aged 18–23 years without complaints of the musculoskeletal system were examined. Osteopathic diagnostics and measurement of the viscoelastic properties of muscles were carried out by the method of vibration viscoelastometry before and after osteopathic correction.Results. Correlation analysis by Spearman showed that the subjective assessment of an osteopath positively correlated with both elasticity (r=0,43, p<0,05) and viscosity of soft issues (r=0,29, p<0,05). For the gastrocnemius muscle, this pattern was even more pronounced — for elasticity r=0,51, p<0,05, for viscosity =0,34, p<0,05. After osteopathic correction no changes in the elasticity of the soft tissues were observed. The viscosity of the tissues reduced, but in the projection of the gastrocnemius muscle, these changes were not statistically significant (p=0,12), whereas in the projection of the soleus muscle statistically significant changes (p=0,034) were observed.Conclusion. Changes in the viscoelastic properties of tissues demonstrated that the effects of osteopathic correction with the use of myofascial mobilization techniques, articulation mobilization techniques, and lymphatic drainage techniques were not obvious. The elasticity of soft tissues of the lower legs did not change, while the viscosity decreased, especially in the projection of the soleus muscles. This effect of the osteopathic correction can be associated with the effect of thixotropy — the transformation of gel-like intercellular substance into sol. Thus, the research showed that vibration viscoelastometry can be used for the objectifi cation of the condition of soft tissues and of the effects of osteopathic correction.

Evaluation of the Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin Against Ionizing Radiation-Induced Muscle Tissue Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
Mansoor Keshavarz ◽  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Gholamreza Hassanzadeh ◽  
Mohammed Reza Hadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Compound Action Potential ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Radiation Induced

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is a treatment method for cancer using ionizing radiation (IR). The interaction between IR with tissues produces free radicals that cause biological damages.As the largest organ in the human body, the skeletal muscles may be affected by detrimental effects of ionizing radiation. To eliminate these side effects, we used melatonin, a major product secreted by the pineal gland in mammals, as a radioprotective agent. Materials and Methods: For this study, a total of sixty male Wistar rats were used. They were allotted to 4 groups: control (C), melatonin (M), radiation (R) and melatonin + radiation (MR). Rats’ right hind legs were irradiated with 30 Gy single dose of gamma radiation, while 100 mg/kg of melatonin was given to them 30 minutes before irradiation and 5 mg/ kg once daily afternoon for 30 days. Five rats in each group were sacrificed 4, 12 and 20 weeks after irradiation for histological and biochemical examinations. Results: Our results showed radiation-induced biochemical, histological and electrophysiological changes in normal rats’ gastrocnemius muscle tissues. Biochemical analysis showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly elevated in R group (P<0.001) and reduced significantly in M and MR groups after 4, 12, and 20 weeks (P<0.001), However, the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)decreased in the R group and increased in M and MR groups for the same periods of time compared with the C group (P<0.001), while melatonin administration inverted these effects( P<0.001).Histopathological examination showed significant differences between R group for different parameters compared with other groups (P<0.001). However, the administration of melatonin prevented these effects(P<0.001). Electromyography (EMG) examination showed that the compound action potential (CMAP) value in the R group was significantly reduced compared to the effects in the C and M groups after 12 and 20 weeks (P<0.001). The administration of melatonin also reversed these effects (P<0.001). Conclusion: Melatonin can improve biochemical, electrophysiological and morphological features of irradiated gastrocnemius muscle tissues.Our recommendation is that melatonin should be administered in optimal dose. For effective protection of muscle tissues, and increased therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy, this should be done within a long period of time.

An analysis of a spontaneous ingrowth of deciduous trees in 70 year old stands of Scots pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Spontaneous Regeneration ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

In 70  years old homogeneous Scots pine stands, bordered by a hardwood belt, an  analysis was made about the spontaneous ingrowth of natural seedlings. The  analysis involved especially the following points: species and stem number,  influence of the hardwood belts, diameter and height distribution, age,  growth and structure. From the age of 30 years, a spontaneous regeneration of  hardwoods established in Scots pine stands. There are on average 7,000 plants  per ha, 80 % of which are black cherry and another fair number are red oak  and pedunculate oak. The regeneration has an average age of 25 to 30 years,  it is uneven aged, contains several diameter and height classes and has  already partially penetrated the upper stratum.     The spontaneous ingrowth allows to convert in a simple way the homogeneous  coniferous stands into mixed hardwood stands.

Effect of Early Low-Intensity Exercise on Rat Hind-Limb Muscles Following Acute Ischemic Stroke

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung-Ae Choe ◽  
Gyeong Ju An ◽  
Yoon-Kyong Lee ◽  
Ji Hye Im ◽  
Smi Choi-Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

This study examined the effects of daily low-intensity exercise following acute stroke on mass, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content of hind-limb muscles in a rat model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (n = 7-9 per group): stroke (occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery [RMCA]), control (sham RMCA procedure), exercise, and stroke-exercise. Beginning 48 hours post-stroke induction/sham operation, rats in the exercise group had 6 sessions of exercise in which they ran on a treadmill at grade 10 for 20 min/day at 10 m/min. At 8 days poststroke, all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from both the affected and unaffected sides. After 6 sessions of exercise following acute ischemic stroke, the stroke-exercise group showed the following significant (p < .05) increases compared to the stroke-only group: body weight and dietary intake, muscle weight of affected soleus and both affected and unaffected gastrocnemius muscle, Type I fiber cross-sectional area of affected soleus and both affected and unaffected gastrocnemius muscle, Type II fiber cross-sectional area of the unaffected soleus, both affected and unaffected plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle, Type II fiber distribution of affected gastrocnemius muscle, and myofibrillar protein content of both affected and unaffected soleus muscle. Daily low-intensity exercise following acute stroke attenuates hind-limb muscle atrophy in both affected and unaffected sides. The effects of exercise are more pronounced in the soleus and gastrocnemius as compared to the plantaris muscle.

A chromatin signature by the methyltransferase SETD7 regulates semaphorin-3G transcription and angiogenic response in diabetes: insights for personalized epigenetic therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Mohammed ◽  
S Costantino ◽  
A Akhmedov ◽  
G Karsai ◽  
S Ambrosini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Angiogenic Response ◽  
Pharmacological Inhibition

Abstract Background Despite advances in revascularization strategies, type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) continue to have a high risk of limb amputation. Modulation of blood vessel growth holds great promise for the treatment of PAD patients. Epigenetic modifications, namely histone post-translational modifications, have shown to regulate transcriptional programs implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Aim To investigate the role of chromatin changes in regulating post-ischemic vascularization in experimental diabetes as well as in patients with T2D. Methods Experiments were performed in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), double-mutant leptin deficient mice (Lepdb/db) carrying a genetic deletion of the methyltransferase SETD7 (Setd7−/−Lepdb/db) as well as in gastrocnemius muscle samples from T2D patients with PAD and age-matched non-diabetic controls. Unbiased gene expression profiling was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Pharmacological blockade of SETD7 was performed by using the selective inhibitor (R)-PFI-2. Scratch and tube formation assays were performed to investigate the impact of SETD7 on angiogenic response. Results RNA-seq in high glucose-treated HAECs revealed a profound upregulation of the methyltransferase SETD7 (fold change 2.8, p&lt;0.001), an enzyme involved in mono-methylation of lysine 4 at histone 3 (H3K4me1). Both SETD7 gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition by (R)PFI-2 rescued hyperglycemia-induced impairment of HAECs migration and tube formation, while SETD7 overexpression blunted the angiogenic response. RNA-seq and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that SETD7-dependent H3K4me1 regulates the transcription of the angiogenesis inhibitor semaphorin-3G (SEMA-3G). Increased SEMA-3G transcript was associated with enhanced secretion from HAECs. Co-immunofluorescence experiments showed that SEMA-3G blunts the angiogenic response by competing with VEGF receptors VEGFR/Neuropillin2. Moreover, SEMA-3G overexpression blunted migration and tube formation in SETD7-depleted HAECs. SETD7 and SEMA-3G were significantly upregulated in endothelial cells from Lepdb/db mice, whereas SEMA-3G transcription was blunted in Setd7−/−Lepdb/db animals. Consistently, endothelial sprouting was defective in aortas from Lepdb/db as compared to WT mice, whereas Setd7−/−Lepdb/db mice displayed a preserved angiogenic response. Of clinical relevance, SETD7/SEMA-3G axis was upregulated in gastrocnemius muscle specimens from T2D patients with PAD as compared with non-diabetic controls. Conclusion In HAECs, genetically modified mice and T2D patients we show that SETD7-dependent chromatin changes regulate SEMA-3G transcription and angiogenic response. Pharmacological inhibition of SETD7 may represent a novel epigenetic therapy to boost neovascularization in T2D patients with PAD. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of Zurich/Universitätsspital Zürich

scholarly journals A 1-Month Ketogenic Diet Increased Mitochondrial Mass in Red Gastrocnemius Muscle, but not in the Brain or Liver of Middle-Aged Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Zeyu Zhou ◽  
Jocelyn Vidales ◽  
José A González-Reyes ◽  
Bradley Shibata ◽  
Keith Baar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Mass ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Fractional Area ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
The Impact

Alterations in markers of mitochondrial content with ketogenic diets (KD) have been reported in tissues of rodents, but morphological quantification of mitochondrial mass using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the gold standard for mitochondrial quantification, is needed to further validate these findings and look at specific regions of interest within a tissue. In this study, red gastrocnemius muscle, the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the liver left lobe were used to investigate the impact of a 1-month KD on mitochondrial content in healthy middle-aged mice. The results showed that in red gastrocnemius muscle, the fractional area of both subsarcolemmal (SSM) and intermyofibrillar (IMM) mitochondria was increased, and this was driven by an increase in the number of mitochondria. Mitochondrial fractional area or number was not altered in the liver, prefrontal cortex, or hippocampus following 1 month of a KD. These results demonstrate tissue-specific changes in mitochondrial mass with a short-term KD and highlight the need to study different muscle groups or tissue regions with TEM to thoroughly determine the effects of a KD on mitochondrial mass.

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