A new, rapid and precise method for measuring the intra-cellular water content by gas chromatography and3H-sucrose

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kageyama ◽  
T. Yamashita ◽  
T. Kobayashi ◽  
E. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Cellular Water

Determination of water content in municipal sludge by multiple headspace extraction gas chromatography

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-800
Author(s):  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Zhanbo Hu ◽  
Xin-Sheng Chai ◽  
Yukai Zheng ◽  
Binxin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Content ◽  
New Method ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Headspace Extraction ◽  
Multiple Headspace Extraction ◽  
Sample Vial

This paper reports a new method for the determination of sludge water content by a multiple headspace extraction gas chromatographic (MHE-GC) method. It is based on the water vapor signals in the sample vial from the first five extractions.

scholarly journals A multiscale approach to estimate the cellular diffusivity during food drying

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary G Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
Multiscale Models ◽  
Drying Model ◽  
Cellular Water ◽  
Multiscale Homogenization

Theoretical models for food drying commonly utilize an effective diffusivity solved through curve fitting based on experimental data. This creates models with limited predictive capabilities. Multiscale modeling is one approach which can help transition to a more physics-based model minimizing the empirical information required while improving a model’s predictive capabilities. However, to enable an accurate scaling operation, multiscale models require diffusivity at a fine scale (microscale). Measuring these properties is experimentally costly and time consuming as they are often temperature and/or moisture dependent. This research conducts an inverse analysis on a multiscale homogenization food drying model to deduce the temporal diffusivity of intracellular water. A representation of the real cellular water breakdown was considered and appropriate assumptions to represent its cellular heterogeneity, in relation to time, were investigated. The work uncovered that a linear decrease in intracellular water content could be assumed and thus a function for its diffusivity was developed. The proposed function is in terms of sample temperature and intracellular water content opening the possibilities to be applied to various food materials.

Zur Abscheidung von Methyljodid and Silberzeolithen / Investigations on the Fixation of Methyl Iodide by Silver Zeolites

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1323-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Donner ◽  
T. Tamberg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alkyl Iodides ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Alkyl iodides especially methyl iodide from the offgas of reactors and of reprocessing plants are difficult to remove.In earlier investigations it was shown that silver zeolites are qualified for a total fixation of methyl iodide, only when these sieves were exhaustively loaded with silver ions.In order to explain why only exhaustively loaded silver zeolites of type X are able to remove methyl iodide completely from the air, the reaction products from the chemisorption reaction were identified. The proportion of the silver ions that had reacted was calculated.Exhaustively loaded Ag-LMS-X pellets heat-treated at 400 °C (water content 0.94% by wt.) react with CH3I to form dimethylether.If the same pellets were gently dried with P2O5 (water content 15% by wt.) dimethylether and methanol were the products.The identification was done by gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy.The chemisorption reaction can be described in the following way:a) CH3I + HOH+Ag+ →AgI + CH3OH + H+b) CH3I + CH3OH+Ag+ → AgI + CH3OCH3 + H+If only small concentrations of methyl-iodide and an excess of water vapour are present only methanol is expected.The experimental results are in good agreement with the assumptions.

scholarly journals Cellular water analysis in T cells reveals a switch from metabolic water gain to water influx

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Saragovi ◽  
T Zilberman ◽  
G Yasur ◽  
K Turjeman ◽  
I Abramovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Cellular Water ◽  
Water Gain ◽  
Metabolic Water

AbstractCell growth is driven by the acquisition and synthesis of dry biomass and water mass. This study examines the increase of water in T cells biomass during cell growth. We found that T cell growth is initiated by a phase of slow increase of cellular water, followed by a second phase of rapid increase in water content. To study the origin of the water gain, we developed a novel method, Cold Aqua Trap – Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (CAT-IRMS), which allows analysis of intracellular water isotope composition. Applying CAT-IRMS, we discovered that glycolysis-coupled metabolic water accounts on average for 11 femtoliter (fL) out of the 20 fL of water gained per cell during the slow phase. At the end of the rapid phase, before initiation of cell division, a water influx occurs, increasing the water level by three-fold. Thus, activated T cells switch from acquiring metabolic water to incorporating water from the extracellular medium. Our work provides a method to analyze cell water content and an insight into the way cells regulate their water mass.

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