Carbonic anhydrase and acid base balance in relation to thermal stress in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Mehta ◽  
P. C. Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

scholarly journals Expression patterns of two Carbonic anhydrase genes, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase in the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, under different pH

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ana Pavasovic ◽  
Peter B Mather ◽  
Peter J Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Conditions

Osmoregulation and systemic acid-base balance in decapod crustaceans are largely controlled by a set of transport-related enzymes including carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) and V-type- H + -ATPase (HAT). Variable pH levels and changes in osmotic pressure can have a significant impact on the physiology and behaviour of crustaceans. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms via which an animal can maintain its internal pH balance and regulate the movement of ions into and out of its cells. Here, we examined expression patterns of the cytoplasmic (CAc) and membrane-associated form (CAg) of CA, NKA α subunit and HAT subunit a in gills of the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Expression levels of the genes were measured at three pH levels, pH 6.2, 7.2 (control) and 8.2 over a 24 hour period. All genes showed significant differences in expression levels, either among pH treatments or over time. Expression levels of CAc were significantly increased at low pH and decreased at high pH conditions 24 h after transfer to these treatments. Expression increased in low pH after 12 h, and reached their maximum level by 24 h. The membrane-associated form CAg showed changes in expression levels more quickly than CAc. Expression increased for CAg at 6 h post transfer at both low and high pH conditions, but expression remained elevated only at low pH (6.2) at the end of the experiment. Expression of CqNKA significantly increased at 6 h after transfer to pH 6.2 and remained elevated up to 24 h. Expression for HAT and NKA showed similar patterns, where expression significantly increased 6 h post transfer to the low pH conditions and remained significantly elevated throughout the experiment. The only difference in expression between the two genes was that HAT expression decreased significantly 24 h post transfer to high pH conditions. Overall, our data suggest that CAc, CAg, NKA and HAT gene expression is induced at low pH conditions in freshwater crayfish. Further research should examine the physiological underpinnings of these changes in expression to better understand systemic acid/base balance in freshwater crayfish.

Renal regulation of acid-base balance in the bullfrog

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisato Yoshimura ◽  
Masateru Yata ◽  
Minoru Yuasa ◽  
Robert A. Wolbach
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Chloride Excretion ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Renal Carbonic Anhydrase

Renal mechanisms for the maintenance of acid-base balance were studied in the normal bullfrog, during metabolic and respiratory acidosis, and after carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Following intravenous administration of 0.3–12 mmole HCl/ kg, as 0.1 n HCl, urinary pH (initially pH 6.3–7.7) did not change significantly. However, urinary ammonia excretion increased more than twofold, and within 3–5 days the cumulative increase was equivalent to the acid load given. Despite the increased ammonia excretion, chloride excretion did not increase after acid loading. In both normal and acidotic bullfrogs ammonia excretion was correlated with an increase in urinary pH. Respiratory acidosis in the small frog, Rana limnocharis, produced by exposure to 6.4% CO2 in air, induced neither urinary acidification nor increased ammonia excretion; both urinary sodium and bicarbonate excretion increased. When renal carbonic anhydrase was inhibited by acetazoleamide injection, urine flow, sodium excretion, and bicarbonate excretion increased markedly, urinary pH increased slightly, and urinary ammonia excretion remained unchanged. These renal responses to acidosis are compared with those of the acidotic dog.

Use of a carbonic anhydrase Ca17a knockout to investigate mechanisms of ion uptake in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 (1) ◽  
pp. R55-R68
Author(s):  
Alex M. Zimmer ◽  
Milica Mandic ◽  
Hong Meng Yew ◽  
Emma Kunert ◽  
Yihang K. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Base Balance

In fishes, branchial cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays an important role in ion and acid-base regulation. The Ca17a isoform in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) is expressed abundantly in Na+-absorbing/H+-secreting H+-ATPase-rich (HR) cells. The present study aimed to identify the role of Ca17a in ion and acid-base regulation across life stages using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. However, in preliminary experiments, we established that ca17a knockout is lethal with ca17a−/− mutants exhibiting a significant decrease in survival beginning at ∼12 days postfertilization (dpf) and with no individuals surviving past 19 dpf. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that ca17a−/− mutants would display alterations in ion and acid-base balance and that these physiological disturbances might underlie their early demise. Na+ uptake rates were significantly increased by up to 300% in homozygous mutants compared with wild-type individuals at 4 and 9 dpf; however, whole body Na+ content remained constant. While Cl− uptake was significantly reduced in ca17a−/− mutants, Cl− content was unaffected. Reduction of CA activity by Ca17a morpholino knockdown or ethoxzolamide treatments similarly reduced Cl− uptake, implicating Ca17a in the mechanism of Cl− uptake by larval zebrafish. H+ secretion, O2 consumption, CO2 excretion, and ammonia excretion were generally unaltered in ca17a−/− mutants. In conclusion, while the loss of Ca17a caused marked changes in ion uptake rates, providing strong evidence for a Ca17a-dependent Cl− uptake mechanism, the underlying causes of the lethality of this mutation in zebrafish remain unclear.

scholarly journals Management of acid-base balance with red blood cell carbonic anhydrase (RCA). II Control of acid-base balance with acetazolamide.

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
KENJI TAKI ◽  
NOBUAKI TAKAHASHI ◽  
KEISHI MIZUNO ◽  
REIJI WAKUSAWA
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

scholarly journals Acid-Base Balance in Callinectes Sapidus During Acclimation from High to Low Salinity

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAYMOND P. HENRY ◽  
JAMES N. CAMERON
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Blue Crab ◽  
Callinectes Sapidus ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Base Balance

When transferred from 865 to 250 m-osmol salinity, the blue crab C. sapidus maintains its blood Na+ and Cl− concentrations significantly above those in the medium. When branchial carbonic anhydrase is inhibited by acetazolamide, ion regulation fails and the animals do not survive the transfer. An alkalosis occurs in the blood at low salinity, indicated by an increase in HCO3− and pH at constant PCO2. The alkalosis is closely correlated with an increase in the Na+-Cl− difference, a convenient indicator of the overall strong ion difference. The contribution of changes in PCO2 to acid-base changes was negligible, but the change in the total weak acid (proteins) may be important. It is suggested that the change in blood acidbase status with salinity is related to an increase in the strong ion difference, which changes during the transition from osmoconformity to osmoregulation in the blue crab, and which is related to both carbonic anhydrase and ionactivated ATPases. Note:

Isolated perfused head of rainbow trout. I. Gas transfer, acid-base balance, and hemodynamics

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R246-R254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Perry ◽  
C. E. Booth ◽  
D. G. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Co2 Excretion

Branchial gas transfer, acid-base balance, and hemodynamics were critically evaluated and compared in Ringer-perfused and blood-perfused heads of rainbow trout. Blood perfusion stimulated O2 uptake and CO2 excretion across the gills to values more representative of intact fish. The stimulatory effect of blood on gas transfer was due to increased O2 carrying capacity (O2 uptake) and the presence of erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase (CO2 excretion). Adding carbonic anhydrase to Ringer enhanced CO2 excretion in a manner similar to blood. During Ringer perfusion, arteriovenous pH gradients were abnormal (arterial pH less than venous pH). Perfusion with blood or addition of carbonic anhydrase to Ringer reversed the pH gradients to typical in vivo levels. Branchial vascular resistance to flow was abnormally high in both Ringer- and blood-perfused preparations, primarily as a result of low dorsal aortic pressure. Input pressure increased during blood perfusion and was similar to ventral aortic pressure in vivo. Perfusion with Ringer may have caused irreversible deterioration of gill function as indicated by decreased arterial Po2 and O2 extraction effectiveness after a rapid switch from Ringer to blood perfusion. The results are discussed with reference to the suitability of perfused trout head preparations for studying gill gas transfer, acid-base balance, and hemodynamics. Comparisons are made between the perfused head preparation and intact fish as well as with other types of perfused gill preparations.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition on Blood Acid-Base Balance in the Chicken Embryo

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1811-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEOFFREY F. BIRCHARD ◽  
CRAIG P. BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition ◽  
Base Balance
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