A note on testing areas under the curve when using destructive measurement techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Heinzl
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Destructive Measurement

Non-destructive measurement techniques for taper equation development: a study case in the Spanish Northern Iberian Range

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodriguez ◽  
Iñigo Lizarralde ◽  
Alfredo Fernández-Landa ◽  
Sonia Condés
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Taper Equation ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Determination of the Magnitude of Interfacial Air-Gap and Heat Transfer during Ingot Casting into Permanent Metal Moulds by Numerical and Experimental Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Swan ◽  
Mark Ward ◽  
Roger C. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
Mould Surface ◽  
Destructive Measurement

Numerically and experimentally the size of the casting–mould air-gap was investigated for the aluminium alloy LM25 cast into a cylindrical H13 steel mould. The air-gap significantly affects the magnitude of heat transfer. A numerical model has been developed to predict the size of the air-gap and the temperature distribution along the metal-mould interface given an initial Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient (IHTC), dependent on the mould surface roughness, and sufficient knowledge of the radiative and thermomechanical properties of the casting and mould materials. The model is then able to predict the development of the air-gap and the resulting IHTC values over time. Validation was conducted experimentally by measuring the thickness of the air-gap using optical techniques to measure displacements of the mould and the casting surface during solidification. Temperatures of the mould and casting were also measured and allowed the time-varying IHTC to be calculated. A fair agreement between the numerical and experimental results was found, giving confidence in the numerical model’s ability to predict the magnitude of the air-gap and temperature distribution. This can be extended to regions where destructive measurement techniques were not used. The air-gap width for this casting process reached 0.6 mm, for which heat transfer by conduction was found to be dominant over radiative heat transfer.

scholarly journals Assessment of seed quality using non-destructive measurement techniques: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisur Rahman ◽  
Byoung-Kwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Variety Identification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

AbstractSeed quality is of great importance in optimizing the cost of crop establishment. Rapid and non-destructive seed quality detection methods must therefore be developed for agriculture and the seed production industry. This review focuses primarily on non-destructive techniques, namely machine vision, spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, soft X-ray imaging, thermal imaging and electronic nose techniques, for assessing the quality of agricultural seeds. The fundamentals of these techniques are introduced. Seed quality, including chemical composition, variety identification and classification, insect damage and disease assessment as well as seed viability and germinability of various seeds are discussed. We conclude that non-destructive techniques are accurate detection methods with great potential for seed quality assessment.

Optical Nanoprobe Electrical Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ippolito ◽  
Michael Tenney ◽  
Sweta Pendyala ◽  
Larry Fischer ◽  
John Sylvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Probe Microscopy ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract This paper describes novel concepts in equipment and measurement techniques that integrate optical electrical microscopy and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) capabilities into a single tool under the umbrella of optical nanoprobe electrical (ONE) microscopy. Optical imaging ONE microscopy permits non-destructive measurement capability that was lost more than a decade ago, when the early metal levels became electrically inaccessible to microprobers. SPM imaging techniques do not have sensitivity to many types of defects, and nanoprobing all of the transistors in an area pinpointed by optical electrical microscopy is often impractical. Thus, in many cases, ONE microscopy capability will permit analytical success instead of failure.

scholarly journals Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Gerd-Rüdiger Jaenisch ◽  
Uwe Ewert ◽  
Anja Waske ◽  
Alexander Funk
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Feedstock Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Quality Control Tool ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Destructive Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

The quality of additively manufactured (AM) parts is determined by the applied process parameters used and the properties of the feedstock powder. The influence of inner gas pores in feedstock particles on the final AM product is a phenomenon which is difficult to investigate since very few non-destructive measurement techniques are accurate enough to resolve the micropores. 3D X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is increasingly applied during the process chain of AM parts as a non-destructive monitoring and quality control tool and it is able to detect most of the pores. However, XCT is time-consuming and limited to small amounts of feedstock powder, typically a few milligrams. The aim of the presented approach is to investigate digital radiography of AM feedstock particles as a simple and fast quality check with high throughput. 2D digital radiographs were simulated in order to predict the visibility of pores inside metallic particles for different pore and particle diameters. An experimental validation was performed. It was demonstrated numerically and experimentally that typical gas pores above a certain size (here: 3 to 4.4 µm for the selected X-ray setup), which could be found in metallic microparticles, were reliably detected by digital radiography.

Thermal Wave Analysis: A Tool for Non-Invasive Testing in Ion Beam Synthesis of Wide Band Gap Materials

1998 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Teichert ◽  
L. Schleicher ◽  
Ch. Knedlik ◽  
M. Voelskov ◽  
W. Skorupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Ion Beam Synthesis ◽  
Semiconductor Compounds ◽  
Destructive Measurement

AbstractPhotothermal methods provide a valuable complement to the destructive measurement techniques for the detection of the optimal process conditions in ion beam synthesis of wide band gap semiconductor compounds. In addition to their nondestructive and non contact qualities, they are highly sensitive to changes of thermophysical properties due to structural changes. Analyses have been carried out with (SiC)l-x(AIN)x compounds, formed by ion beam synthesis.

Reference Coordinate System Requirements for Geophysics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
P. L. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Fixed System

AbstractFive important geodynamical quantities which are closely linked are: 1) motions of points on the Earth’s surface; 2)polar motion; 3) changes in UT1-UTC; 4) nutation; and 5) motion of the geocenter. For each of these we expect to achieve measurements in the near future which have an accuracy of 1 to 3 cm or 0.3 to 1 milliarcsec.From a metrological point of view, one can say simply: “Measure each quantity against whichever coordinate system you can make the most accurate measurements with respect to”. I believe that this statement should serve as a guiding principle for the recommendations of the colloquium. However, it also is important that the coordinate systems help to provide a clear separation between the different phenomena of interest, and correspond closely to the conceptual definitions in terms of which geophysicists think about the phenomena.In any discussion of angular motion in space, both a “body-fixed” system and a “space-fixed” system are used. Some relevant types of coordinate systems, reference directions, or reference points which have been considered are: 1) celestial systems based on optical star catalogs, distant galaxies, radio source catalogs, or the Moon and inner planets; 2) the Earth’s axis of rotation, which defines a line through the Earth as well as a celestial reference direction; 3) the geocenter; and 4) “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate systems.When a geophysicists discusses UT1 and polar motion, he usually is thinking of the angular motion of the main part of the mantle with respect to an inertial frame and to the direction of the spin axis. Since the velocities of relative motion in most of the mantle are expectd to be extremely small, even if “substantial” deep convection is occurring, the conceptual “quasi-Earth-fixed” reference frame seems well defined. Methods for realizing a close approximation to this frame fortunately exist. Hopefully, this colloquium will recommend procedures for establishing and maintaining such a system for use in geodynamics. Motion of points on the Earth’s surface and of the geocenter can be measured against such a system with the full accuracy of the new techniques.The situation with respect to celestial reference frames is different. The various measurement techniques give changes in the orientation of the Earth, relative to different systems, so that we would like to know the relative motions of the systems in order to compare the results. However, there does not appear to be a need for defining any new system. Subjective figures of merit for the various system dependon both the accuracy with which measurements can be made against them and the degree to which they can be related to inertial systems.The main coordinate system requirement related to the 5 geodynamic quantities discussed in this talk is thus for the establishment and maintenance of a “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate system which closely approximates the motion of the main part of the mantle. Changes in the orientation of this system with respect to the various celestial systems can be determined by both the new and the conventional techniques, provided that some knowledge of changes in the local vertical is available. Changes in the axis of rotation and in the geocenter with respect to this system also can be obtained, as well as measurements of nutation.

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