scholarly journals Dynamic and migration characteristics of soil free amino acids during the whole growth period of rice after application of milk vetch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Yi Lin ◽  
Christopher Rensing ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Biqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
And Migration

Abstract. Free amino acids (FAAs) in soil play an important role in the soil nitrogen cycle and plant nutrition. However, the attributing factors and migration characteristics of free amino acid pools in paddy soils after green manure application during the entire growth period of rice have not been elucidated. In this study, a single application of chemical fertilizer (CK) was used as a control under equal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium conditions, and different application rates of milk vetch (15 000 kghm−2(CL), 30 000 kghm−2(CM) and 45 000 kg hm−2(CH)) were selected to investigate the dynamic of FAAs concentration and composition in paddy soil. Soil FAAs concentration at different growth stages under the same fertilization treatments was highest at the seedling stage and lowest at the tillering stage. The concentration of threonine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine was most abundant under different fertilization treatments during the growth period, accounting for 59.42 %–76.46 % of the respective FAAs pool. The application of milk vetch was shown to increase the soil FAAs concentration, especially glutamic acid, which increased by 368.17 %–680.78 %, but excessive application had an inhibitory effect. Soil pH, organic matter, protease, bacterial biomass and community were critical factors affecting the concentration of soil FAAs. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Nitrospirae significantly affected the dynamics of FAAs in bacterial communities, and their total contribution rate was 56.89 %. FAAs displayed significant vertical profile characteristics, and the mobility of serine, glycine and proline was high. Conclusively, the application of milk vetch was able to significantly change the concentration and composition of soil FAAs, which may affect the capture of N by plants.

scholarly journals Differentiation between Ripening Stages of Iberian Dry-Cured Ham According to the Free Amino Acids Content

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Alcazar Rueda ◽  
José Marcos Jurado ◽  
Fernando de Pablos ◽  
Manuel León-Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Dry Cured Ham

In this paper, the differentiation of three ripening stages, postsalting, drying, and cellar, of Iberian dry-cured ham has been carried out according to their free amino acids contents. Eighteen L-amino acids, alanine, 2-aminobutanoic acid, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine have been determined by gas chromatography with derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of the eighteen amino acids in the ham samples, and gas chromatography using a DB-17HT column and flame ionization detector was used for quantitative determination. Extraction with a mixture methanol-acetonitrile has been carried out, achieving recoveries in the range 52–164%. Methimazole was used as internal standard. Limits of detection ranged between 7.0 and 611.7 mg·kg−1. Free amino acids have been used as chemical descriptors to differentiate between the ripening stages. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis have been used as chemometric techniques, achieving complete differentiation between the ripening stages. Alanine, tyrosine, glutamine, proline, 2-aminobutanoic acid, cysteine, and valine were the most differentiating amino acids.

The effect of starvation and low nitrogen intakes on the concentration of free amino acids in the blood plasma and on the nitrogen metabolism in sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Crossbred wethers were given a control diet (8 g nitrogen, 730 g dry matter daily) or a low nitrogen diet (0.5 g nitrogen, 520 g dry matter daily) or starved, for a 12 or 20 day experimental period. The concentrations of free serine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, histidine, and arginine in the plasma of the starved sheep decreased significantly while the concentrations of lysine, 3-methylhistidine, and isoleucine increased significantly. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids increased from 0.35 to 0.56 in the starved sheep. In sheep on the low nitrogen diet, the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids in the plasma decreased from 0.40 to 0.27, with significant increases in the concentrations of glutanlic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, and 3-methylhistidine. Starvation and the low nitrogen diet both resulted in a reduction of the plasma urea concentrations. Starvation and the low nitrogen diet resulted in a 20-50 % reduction in the flow of saliva and a 40-78% increase in the concentration of total nitrogen. This resulted in no significant change in the daily secretion of nitrogen in the saliva. The concentration of urea in the saliva was increased by 3-54%. The concentrations of individual free amino acids in saliva are reported. The nitrogen content of the rumen was reduced, and after 7 days of starvation or on the low nitrogen diet all rumen nitrogen could be attributed to ammonia and free �-amino nitrogen.

Free Amino Acids in Human Tonsillar Tissue

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Doi ◽  
Akikatsu Kataura
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Abstract Free amino acids in the tonsils of 20 individuals were measured column chromatographically. Those always found in readily detectable amounts included O-phosphoserine, taurine, O-phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, hydroxyproline, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, α-amino-n-butyric acid, valine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ornithine, γ-amino-butyric acid, lysine, histidine, and arginine. Results were compared for three clinical pathological groups and for four age groups. Some abnormal values may result from the pathological conditions.

Protein and free amino acids in field-grown cowpea seeds as affected by water stress at various growth stages

1981 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Labanauskas ◽  
Peter Shouse ◽  
L. H. Stolzy ◽  
M. F. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cowpea Seeds

scholarly journals Effect of growth stages and fertility levels on growth, yield and quality of fodder oats (Avena sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1287-1296
Author(s):  
Gurjeet Kaur ◽  
Meenakshi Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and quality parameters of oats (Avena sativa L.) at forage research farm in Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Four different nitrogen levels viz. 0 (control), 50, 75 (recommended) and 100 Kg N/ha were applied in the form of urea. Samples were collected at three different growth stages i.e. 30, 45 and 60 DAS. As the growth of plant continued decrease in total nitrogen (45%), non protein nitro-gen (37%), ether extract (13%), ash content (24%) and digestibility (23%) was observed. But increase in free amino acids (48%) and cell wall constituents i.e. ADF (19%), NDF (31%) and CF (34%)with plant’s growth was reported. The interactive effect of varying levels of inorganic fertilizer application on the chemical composition of the plant at various growth stages revealed an increase in total nitrogen (18%), non protein nitrogen (26%), ether extract (18%), free amino acids (32%), ash content (13%) and digestibility (7%) with increase in fertilizer level however ADF (7%), NDF (2%) and CF (3%)content decreased with increased levels of nitrogen fertilization. Correlation studies showed that significant negative correlation was present forin vitro dry matter digestibility with acid detergent fiber (r= -.861**), neutral detergent fiber (r= -.891**) and crude fiber (r= -.740**) at recommended dose of N fertilization. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilization at different growth stages on quality components in oats fodder.

scholarly journals Whey Proteins Characterization, Free Amino Acids Profile and Antimicrobial Study of Some Dairy Drinks based on Milk Serum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doina Prodan ◽  
Miuța Filip ◽  
Mihaela Vlassa ◽  
Marioara Moldovan ◽  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Rp Hplc

The aim of this study was characterization of some dairy drinks based on Milk Serum regarding major whey proteins (WP) and free amino acids (FAAs) using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) methods. The studied WP, -lactalbumin (-La), bovine serum albumin (BSA), -lactoglobulin A (-Lg A) and -lactoglobulin B (-Lg B) were separated on Aeris XB-C18 column at 214 nm detection. The RP-HPLC method was validated by selectivity, linearity (R2 ≥0.99), sensitivity (LOQ, 1.35–10.08 µg mL−1), accuracy (recovery 96.79-103.07%) and precision (% RSD ≤ 4.13%). The total studied WP in studied dairy drinks varied between 1.42 and 3.047 g·L-1. The chromatographic profile of FAAs (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, arginine, glycine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, cysteine, tryptophan, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine) was determined in lyophilized concentrate of Milk Serum by RP-HPLC using pre-column derivatization reaction with orthophthalaldehyde (OPA). The total studied FAAs in studied samples varied between 1.103 and 1.119 mg·g-1. Moreover, the Milk Serum showed bacteriostatic activity against two bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The obtained results confirm that dairy drinks based on the Milk Serum constitutes a valuable sources of bioactive components with benefits for human healthy nutrition.

scholarly journals The Relationships between Somatic Cells and Isoleucine, Leucine and Tyrosine Content in Cow Milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Ianni ◽  
Paola Sechi ◽  
Alessandro La Mantia ◽  
Lucia Pucciarini ◽  
Emidio Camaioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Group I

The early diagnosis of cow subclinical mastitis represents a pivotal factor for a prompt and adequate animal treatment. Although several methods are available, the somatic cells count (SCC) still remains the elective test directly carried out on milk samples. In mastitis affected cows (even at subclinical stages), altered concentrations of specific metabolites, including free amino acids, is a well-known occurrence. In order to define the relationships between the variation of the unbound amino acids content with the SCC value, a direct ion-pairing reversed-phase method based on the use of the evaporative light-scattering detector (IP-RP-HPLC-ELSD) was applied to 65 cow milk samples. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was pursued in order to find a correlation between the SCC value and the concentration of isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), valine (Val) and tyrosine (Tyr). Samples were divided in two groups according to their SCC value: Group I comprised all ones with SCC < 400,000 cells/mL; Group II encompassed those with a SCC > 400,000 cells/mL. Statistical analyses highlighted significant differences in the content of the branched-chain amino acids Ile and Leu, between the two groups (p < 0.02* and <0.005**, respectively). This study confirms that a dysmetabolism of certain free amino acids parallels elevated SCC values.

Analytische Untersuchungen des Wehrsekretes von Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora) / Analytical Investigations of the Defensive Secretion from Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora)

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-b ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Röper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Defensive Secretion ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine

The defensive secretion of Peripatopsis moseleyi (Onychophora) consists of 84% water and 16% protein and free amino acids. The secretion’s defensive effectiveness is an anti-predator “sticking” action. The secretion is flung out of the oral papillae in liquid state. It is then denaturized by the air and develops increasingly sticky white threads, probably through the devel­opment of disulfide bridges from the protein content. The elastic properties of the secretion threads indicate a micellar structure. The defensive secretion contains no volatile organic components or carbohydrates. This was confirmed by gas- liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. After acidic hydrolysis of the secretion the following amino acids were determined quantita­tively: aspartic acid, threonine, serine, proline, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, cysteine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine and arginine. A “rare” amino acid was not identified. Tryptophane was not present (basic secretion hydrolysis). The quantita­tive determination of free amino acids, based on the total content, showed the following results: glycine (40.9%), glutamic acid (10.8%), aspartic acid (2.65%), lysine (1.3%). This result shows, that the secretion is stored in a watery glycine/glutaminic acid buffer in the oral papillae of Peripatopsis moseleyi. High voltage paper electrophoreses and gel filtration experiments with dextran and agarose gels showed, that the secretion protein consists of, at least, two fractions with different molecular weight.

Changes in free amino acids of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) muscle during frozen storage/Cambios producidos en los aminoácidos libres del músculo de merluza (Merluccius merluccius L.) durante su conservación en estado congelado

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Sotelo ◽  
J.M. Franco ◽  
S.P. Aubourg ◽  
J.M. Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Subzero Temperatures

The effect of storage at subzero temperatures (-5°C, -12°C, and -20°C) on hake ( Merluccius merluccius L.) muscle free-amino acid fraction was evaluated. A significant increase in free aspartic acid, serine, threonine, arginine, β-alanine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine was found at -5°C, whereas at -12°C, a significant decrease in free glutamic acid, glycine, methyl-histidine, β-alanine, taurine, alanine, and leucine was the most noticeable. No changes in the free amino acid fraction were observed at -20°C. Activity of different kind of enzymes, aminopeptidases, aminoacid deaminases, and decarboxylases might be involved in the changes observed at -5°C and -12°C.

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