Uptake of nutrients by rice under rice-cum-fish culture in intermediate deep water situation (upto 50-cm water depth)

1987 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Panda ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
D. P. Sinhababu
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Intermediate Deep Water ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Effect of Transplanting Date and Seedling Age on Stand Establishment and Grain Yield of Rice in Rainfed Lowland (Intermediate Deep-Water) Conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Reddy ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
M. D. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Rainfed Lowland ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Intermediate Deep Water

SummaryWater depth at or shortly after planting is critical for the establishment and subsequent tolerance of excess water in rice. A crop transplanted early in the season produced twice as much grain as a later planted crop. A semi-dwarf variety (CR 1018) and a taller variety (CR 1030) performed similarly after early transplanting, but the tall variety performed better when planted late under excess water. Seedling age did not greatly alter the yields when crops were transplanted early, but after late planting 45-day-old seedlings were best.

Mechanical Qualification of Dynamic Deep Water Power Cable

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Slora ◽  
Stian Karlsen ◽  
Per Arne Osborg
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Water Power ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Water Depths

There is an increasing demand for subsea electrical power transmission in the oil- and gas industry. Electrical power is mainly required for subsea pumps, compressors and for direct electrical heating of pipelines. The majority of subsea processing equipment is installed at water depths less than 1000 meters. However, projects located offshore Africa, Brazil and in the Gulf of Mexico are reported to be in water depths down to 3000 meters. Hence, Nexans initiated a development programme to qualify a dynamic deep water power cable. The qualification programme was based on DNV-RP-A203. An overall project plan, consisting of feasibility study, concept selection and pre-engineering was outlined as defined in DNV-OSS-401. An armoured three-phase power cable concept assumed suspended from a semi-submersible vessel at 3000 m water depth was selected as qualification basis. As proven cable technology was selected, the overall qualification scope is classified as class 2 according to DNV-RP-A203. Presumed high conductor stress at 3000 m water depth made basis for the identified failure modes. An optimised prototype cable, with the aim of reducing the failure mode risks, was designed based on extensive testing and analyses of various test cables. Analyses confirmed that the prototype cable will withstand the extreme loads and fatigue damage during a service life of 30 years with good margins. The system integrity, consisting of prototype cable and end terminations, was verified by means of tension tests. The electrical integrity was intact after tensioning to 2040 kN, which corresponds to 13 000 m static water depth. A full scale flex test of the prototype cable verified the extreme and fatigue analyses. Hence, the prototype cable is qualified for 3000 m water depth.

Resistance Tests of an Articulated Pusher Barge System in Deep and Shallow Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Lei Xing ◽  
Mingyu Dong ◽  
Weimin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Transport Vessel ◽  
Resistance Performance

Abstract Articulated pusher barge vessel is a short-distance transport vessel with good economic performance and practicability, which is widely used in the Yangtze River of China. In this present work, the resistance performance of articulated pusher barge vessel in deep water and shallow water was studied by model tests in the towing tank and basin of Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute. During the experimental investigation, the articulated pusher barge vessel was divided into three parts: the pusher, the barge and the articulated pusher barge system. Firstly, the deep water resistance performance of the articulated pusher barge system, barge and the pusher at design draught T was studied, then the water depth h was adjusted, and the shallow water resistance at h/T = 2.0, 1.5 and 1.2 was tested and studied respectively, and the difference between deep water resistance and shallow water resistance at design draught were compared. The results of model tests and analysis show that: 1) in the study of deep water resistance, the total resistance of the barge was larger than that of the articulated pusher barge system. 2) for the barge, the shallow water resistance increases about 0.4–0.7 times at h/T = 2.0, 0.5–1.1 times at h/T = 1.5, and 0.7–2.3 times at h/T = 1.2. 3) for the pusher, the shallow water resistance increases about 1.0–0.4 times at h/T = 2.7, 1.2–0.9 times at h/T = 2.0, and 1.7–2.4 times at h/T = 1.6. 4) for the articulated pusher barge system, the shallow water resistance increases about 0.2–0.3 times at h/T = 2.0, 0.5–1.3 times at h/T = 1.5, and 1.0–3.5 times at h/T = 1.2. Furthermore, the water depth Froude number Frh in shallow water was compared with the changing trend of resistance in shallow water.

High Holding Power Torpedo Pile: Results for the First Long Term Application

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Bastos de Araujo ◽  
Roge´rio Diniz Machado ◽  
Cipriano Jose de Medeiros Junior
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Anchoring System ◽  
Very High

Petrobras developed a new kind of anchoring device known as Torpedo. This is a steel pile of appropriate weight and shape that is launched in a free fall procedure to be used as fixed anchoring point by any type of floating unit. There are two Torpedoes, T-43 and T-98 weighing 43 and 98 metric tons respectively. On October 2002 T-43 was tested offshore Brazil in Campos Basin. The successful results approved and certified by Bureau Veritas, and the need for a feasible anchoring system for new Petrobras Units in deep water fields of Campos Basin led to the development of a Torpedo with High Holding Power. Petrobras FPSO P-50, a VLCC that is being converted with a spread-mooring configuration will be installed in Albacora Leste field in the second semester of 2004. Its mooring analysis showed that the required holding power for the mooring system would be very high. Drag embedment anchors option would require four big Anchor Handling Vessels for anchor tensioning operations at 1400 m water depth. For this purpose T-98 was designed and its field tests were completed in April 2003. This paper discusses T-98 design, building, tests and ABS certification for FPSO P-50.

Development of Deep Water Multicolumn Buoy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo A. Barreira ◽  
Vinicius L. Vileti ◽  
Joel S. Sales ◽  
Sergio H. Sphaier ◽  
Paulo de Tarso T. Esperança
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Life Duration

A new conceptual design of a deepwater MONOBUOY, named DeepWater MultiColumn Buoy (DWMCB), patent PCT/BR2011/000133, was developed by PETROBRAS/CENPES. The DWMCB was designed to be part of an offloading system for a Spread Moored Floating Production Offloading Unit (FPSO). The offloading system principle consists of Oil being exported from the FPSO to a Shutle tanker passing through Offloading Oil Lines (OOLs) that are supported by the DWMCB. The system is designed to operate at a water depth of 2,200 meters, with expected in site life duration of 25 years. The geometry of DWMCB was defined after an optimization process in order to minimize its motions. This paper describes the development of this concept and discusses the results from some design verifications done with the help of a model tests campaign. An equivalent traditional shaped monobuoy was also tested for comparison purposes.

scholarly journals Elements constituent for the design of a riser system in areas deep water and extreme deep water applied for offshore drilling

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Marius STAN ◽  
◽  
Valentin Paul TUDORACHE ◽  
Lazăr AVRAM ◽  
Mohamed Iyad AL NABOULSI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marine Platform

Riser systems are integral components of the offshore developments used to recover oil and gas stored in the reservoirs below the earth’s oceans and seas. These riser systems are used in all facets of the development offshore process including exploration and exploitation wells completion/intervention, and production of the hydrocarbons. Their primary function is to facilitate the safe transportation of material, oil and gases between the seafloor oceans and seas and the marine platform. As the water depth increases, the working conditions of this system becomes challenging due to the complex forces and extreme environmental conditions which are impacting the operational mode as well as the stability. In this paper several aspects concerning riser mechanics and the behaviour of the riser column will be evaluated against different operational situations.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Depth on the Growth of the Submerged Macrophytes Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata: Implications for Water Level Management

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Qisheng Li ◽  
Yanqing Han ◽  
Kunquan Chen ◽  
Xiaolong Huang ◽  
Kuanyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vallisneria Natans

Water level is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of submerged macrophytes in aquatic ecosystems. The rosette plant Vallisneria natans and the erect plant Hydrilla verticillata are two common submerged macrophytes in lakes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. How water level fluctuations affect their growth and competition is still unknown. In this study, three water depths (50 cm, 150 cm, and 250 cm) were established to explore the responses in growth and competitive patterns of the two plant species to water depth under mixed planting conditions. The results show that, compared with shallow water conditions (50 cm), the growth of both submerged macrophytes was severely suppressed in deep water depth (250 cm), while only V. natans was inhibited under intermediate water depth (150 cm). Moreover, the ratio of biomass of V. natans to H. verticillata gradually increased with increasing water depth, indicating that deep water enhanced the competitive advantage of V. natans over H.verticillata. Morphological adaptation of the two submerged macrophytes to water depth was different. With increasing water depth, H. verticillata increased its height, at the cost of reduced plant numbers to adapt to poor light conditions. A similar strategy was also observed in V. natans, when water depth increased from 50 cm to 150 cm. However, both the plant height and number were reduced at deep water depth (250 cm). Our study suggests that water level reduction in lake restoration efforts could increase the total biomass of submerged macrophytes, but the domination of key plants, such as V. natans, may decrease.

Probabilistic Modeling and Analysis of Riser Collision

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt J. Leira ◽  
Tore Holma˚s ◽  
Kjell Herfjord
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Collision Frequency ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Fatigue Lifetime ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
Probabilistic Context

Analysis and design of deep-water riser arrays requires that both collision frequency and resulting stresses in the pipes are addressed. Within a probabilistic context, the joint modeling of the current magnitude and surface floater motions must be taken into account. The present paper gives an outline of the general analysis setup, and response statistics obtained as a result of time domain simulations are described. Utilization of the analysis is also discussed in relation to estimation of extreme response and fatigue lifetime. As an example of application, a specific Spar buoy riser configuration at a water depth of 900m is considered.

Early Badenian ostracod assemblage of the Židlochovice stratotype(Carpathian Foredeep, Czech Republic)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Seko ◽  
Radovan Pipík ◽  
Nela Doláková
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Carpathian Foredeep ◽  
Ostracod Species

AbstractFifty-two ostracod taxa were identified from two sediment cores collected from the early Badenian Židlochovice stratotype. Ostracod assemblages were analyzed with a focus on taxonomy, paleoecology, distribution of taxa along the sediment cores, quantification of valve/carapace ratios, and species richness by Simpson’s Reciprocal Index. The changes in ostracod assemblages identified in these cores reflect a shallowing of the marine water-depth from circalittoral/epibathyal to shallow infralittoral, and an increase in the sedimentation rate upwards through time. A comparison of all Badenian ostracod assemblages in the Carpathian Foredeep indicates a high proportion of deep-water ostracod species in Židlochovice and its surroundings, suggesting that the deepest part of the Carpathian Foredeep was probably situated in this part of the Czech Republic.

Physical and biostratigraphic analysis of two prospective Paleocene-Eocene Boundary Stratotypes in the intermediate-deep water Basque Basin, western Pyrenees: The Trabakua Pass and Ermua sections

1996 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Orue-Etxebarria ◽  
Estibaliz Apellaniz ◽  
Juan Ignacio Baceta ◽  
Rodolfo Coccioni ◽  
Rita di Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Intermediate Deep Water ◽  
Western Pyrenees
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