The role of natural enemies in controllingIcerya purchasi in South Australia

Entomophaga ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugal K. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
South Australia

“Consideration of patients as networked units to identify opportunities and motivation to enhance capability”: A mixed methods study to explore a personalised Digital Health Hub Model of Care for hip fractures in South Australia (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Yadav ◽  
Tiffany K Gill ◽  
Anita Taylor ◽  
Jen DeYoung ◽  
Mellick J Chehade
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Family Members ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Factors Influencing

UNSTRUCTURED Introduction Majority of older people with hip fractures once admitted to acute hospital care are unable to return to their pre-fracture level of independence and a significant number are either newly admitted or return to residential aged care. Patient education involves family members and/or residential aged care staff as networked units, crucial for empowerment through improving health literacy. Advancement of digital technology has led to evolving solutions around optimising health care including self-management of chronic disease conditions and telerehabilitation. The aim of this study is to understand perspectives of older patients with hip fractures, their family members and residential aged carers, to inform the development of a digitally enabled model of care using a personalised digital health hub (pDHH). Methods A mixed methods study was conducted at a public tertiary care hospital in South Australia involving patients aged 50 years and above along with their family members and residential aged carers. Quantitative data, including basic demographic characteristics, access to computers and Internet were analysed using descriptive statistics. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation was used to examine correlations between the perceived role of a pDHH in improving health and likelihood of subsequent usage. Whereas qualitative data included series of open-ended questions and findings were interpreted using constructs of capability, opportunity and motivation to help understand the factors influencing the likelihood of potential pDHH use Results Overall, 100 people were recruited in the study, representing 55 patients, 13 family members and 32 residential aged carers. The mean age of patients was 76.4 years (SD-8.4, age range 54-88) and females represented 60% of patients. Although a moderate negative correlation existed with increasing age and likelihood of pDHH usage (ρ= -0.50, p<0.001) the perceived role of the DHH in improving health had a strong positive correlation with the likelihood of pDHH usage by self (ρ=0.71, p<0.001) and by society, including friends and family members (ρ=0.75, p<0.001). Of particular note, almost all the patients (98%) believed they had a family member or friend /carer who would be able to help them to use a digital health platform. Whereas our qualitative findings suggest emphasising on complex interplay of capability, opportunity and motivation as crucial factors while designing a pDHH enabled model of care for hip fractures at a local context level. Conclusion Findings from this study contributed to understand the dynamics around capabilities, motivation and opportunities of patients, family members and formal carers as a “patient networked unit”. Future research recommendation must involve co-creation guided by iterative processes through improving understanding of factors influencing development and successful integration of complex digital healthcare interventions in real-world scenarios.

Studies on the control of water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides) in South Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
GJ Mitchell ◽  
RJ Carter ◽  
SR Chinner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Water Dropwort

Water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides L.), a tuberous perennial herb, is currently known in South Australia from only a single locality in the Mount Lofty Ranges. There is little information on water-dropwort control, and 2 experiments were conducted to assess the effects of sowing pasture, with or without presowing herbicides, on the control of this weed. Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial clovers were successfully introduced into infested pastures by direct drilling in autumn. Water-dropwort regenerated from seed more densely in unsown plots than plots of established perennial pasture, suggesting that upgrading pastures may be a strategy to reduce the rate of spread by seed of this weed. A range of herbicide treatments applied to waterdropwort at the stem elongation stage in spring before autumn sowing of pastures provided effective shortterm control. The best short-term control was provided by glyphosate at 1440 g a.i./ha; metsulfuron methyl at 6, 12, and 36 g a.i./ha; and metsulfuron methyl at 12 g a.i./ha tank-mixed with glyphosate or 2,4-D amine at 720 or 1000 g a.i./ha, respectively. These treatments, and chlorsulfuron at 21 g a.i./ha, also significantly (P<0.05) reduced water-dropwort abundance (relative to untreated areas) for up to 18 months after sowing and initially improved the density of sown pasture species, but these improvements were not evident 14 months after resowing. Although prior season herbicide treatments controlled water-dropwort in newly sown pastures, 2 separate applications of herbicides, in May and October, gave no better control of water-dropwort than a single herbicide application in spring. Water-dropwort infestations do not appear to prevent successful direct drilling of phalaris and perennial clovers. Although pasture renovation did not provide long-term suppression of water-dropwort, the maintenance of vigorous pastures may reduce the rate of population growth from seedlings of this weed. Recropping restrictions may limit the role of chlorsulfuron for water-dropwort control in pasture renovation situations.

scholarly journals Using hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between mountain-front and mountain-block recharge to basin aquifers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1629-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Bresciani ◽  
Roger H. Cranswick ◽  
Eddie W. Banks ◽  
Jordi Batlle-Aguilar ◽  
Peter G. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Hydraulic Head ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Quaternary Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Flow Directions ◽  
Electrical Conductivity Data

Abstract. Numerous basin aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world derive a significant portion of their recharge from adjacent mountains. Such recharge can effectively occur through either stream infiltration in the mountain-front zone (mountain-front recharge, MFR) or subsurface flow from the mountain (mountain-block recharge, MBR). While a thorough understanding of recharge mechanisms is critical for conceptualizing and managing groundwater systems, distinguishing between MFR and MBR is difficult. We present an approach that uses hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity (EC) data to distinguish between MFR and MBR. These variables are inexpensive to measure, and may be readily available from hydrogeological databases in many cases. Hydraulic heads can provide information on groundwater flow directions and stream–aquifer interactions, while chloride concentrations and EC values can be used to distinguish between different water sources if these have a distinct signature. Such information can provide evidence for the occurrence or absence of MFR and MBR. This approach is tested through application to the Adelaide Plains basin, South Australia. The recharge mechanisms of this basin have long been debated, in part due to difficulties in understanding the hydraulic role of faults. Both hydraulic head and chloride (equivalently, EC) data consistently suggest that streams are gaining in the adjacent Mount Lofty Ranges and losing when entering the basin. Moreover, the data indicate that not only the Quaternary aquifers but also the deeper Tertiary aquifers are recharged through MFR and not MBR. It is expected that this finding will have a significant impact on the management of water resources in the region. This study demonstrates the relevance of using hydraulic head, chloride and EC data to distinguish between MFR and MBR.

scholarly journals The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on dailyCampylobactercases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MILAZZO ◽  
L. C. GILES ◽  
Y. ZHANG ◽  
A. P. KOEHLER ◽  
J. E. HILLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYCampylobacterspp. is a commonly reported food-borne disease with major consequences for morbidity. In conjunction with predicted increases in temperature, proliferation in the survival of microorganisms in hotter environments is expected. This is likely to lead, in turn, to an increase in contamination of food and water and a rise in numbers of cases of infectious gastroenteritis. This study assessed the relationship ofCampylobacterspp. with temperature and heatwaves, in Adelaide, South Australia.We estimated the effect of (i) maximum temperature and (ii) heatwaves on dailyCampylobactercases during the warm seasons (1 October to 31 March) from 1990 to 2012 using Poisson regression models.There was no evidence of a substantive effect of maximum temperature per 1 °C rise (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·995, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0·993–0·997) nor heatwaves (IRR 0·906, 95% CI 0·800–1·026) onCampylobactercases. In relation to heatwave intensity, which is the daily maximum temperature during a heatwave, notifications decreased by 19% within a temperature range of 39–40·9 °C (IRR 0·811, 95% CI 0·692–0·952). We found little evidence of an increase in risk and lack of association betweenCampylobactercases and temperature or heatwaves in the warm seasons. Heatwave intensity may play a role in that notifications decreased with higher temperatures. Further examination of the role of behavioural and environmental factors in an effort to reduce the risk of increasedCampylobactercases is warranted.

scholarly journals SERANGGA dan PERANANNYA DALAM BIDANG PERTANIAN dan KEHIDUPAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Araz Meilin ◽  
Nasamsir .
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Living Thing ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Negative Role

AbstractThe insect is a group of living thing that have the largest number of species. This article was compiled by aiming literature method studies at informing the negative and positive roles of insects in a farming and life. Some insects have a positive or negative role in agriculture and life. The negative role of insects in agriculture and life as cultivation plant, as a disease vector on the plant, and it cause humand being stickness. The positive role of insect is as pollinators, as a decomposer, as predators or parasitoids, as environment bioindikator, as the producer of the useful materials and beneficial in the field of health. Keywords: insects, vectors, natural enemies, pollinators, decomposer AbstrakSerangga merupakan kelompok makhluk hidup yang memiliki jumlah spesies terbanyak. Tulisan ini disusun dari studi literatur dan bertujuan menginformasikan peran negatif dan positif serangga dalam bidang pertanian dan kehidupan.  Beberapa anggota dari serangga memiliki peranan positif maupun negatif di bidang pertanian dan kehidupan.  Peran negatif serangga dibidang pertanian dan kehidupan adalah sebagai pemakan tumbuhan budidaya, sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit pada tanaman, dan sebagai penyebab penyakit pada manusia. Peran positif serangga adalah sebagai polinator atau penyerbuk, sebagai dekomposer atau pengurai, sebagai predator atau parasitoid (musuh alami), sebagai bioindikator lingkungan, sebagai penghasil bahan-bahan berguna dan bermanfaat  dalam bidang kesehatan. Kata Kunci: serangga, vektor, musuh alami, polinator, dekomposer

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WHITEFLY BY SPECIES OF LADYBUG Delphastus spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greissi Tente Giraldi ◽  
Julio César Guerreiro ◽  
Cawana Parrow Augusto ◽  
Thainara Ferreira Alves Pessoa ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Critical Damage

Whitefly complex is one of the most severe pests affecting different crops of significant agricultural interest. It causes critical damage to plants, and hence considerably affect crop productivity and the related commercials. This insect has been managed using insecticides; however, there have been reports of resistance of this insecticide to various active ingredients, making it difficult to reduce this pest’s population. Hence, other ways of handling this insect population have been investigated, including through biological control. Several past studies have reported the existence of natural enemies of the whitefly, including coccinellids such as those belonging to the genus Delphastus have gained much attention. These coccinellids are predators and hence perform the important role of controlling pest population. Moreover, the whitefly is a staple food in certain diets.

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