Vitamin D metabolites in human milk from mothers of preterm and full-term infants

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-ci Zheng ◽  
Kanji Yamaoka ◽  
Shintaro Okada ◽  
Yoshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Kazuhiko Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Term Infants

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-500
Author(s):  
Frank R. Greer ◽  
Lorraine E. Reeve ◽  
Russell W. Chesney ◽  
Hector F. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Breast Fed

We would like to thank Little and Chadwick for their comments. It is true that the vitamin D content of human milk is very low, supplying less than the daily recommended dietary allowance. As observed by Chadwick, the vast majority of full-term breast-fed infants at present do not develop rickets despite the lack of vitamin D supplementation. While we would agree with Little that rickets does occur in breast-fed infants, we cannot confirm or deny his observation that the majority of full-term infants who develop rickets at the present time are breast-fed.

Problems with Human Milk and Infant Formulas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
Sanford A. Miller ◽  
Joginder G. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Breast Fed

EXAMPLES OF PROBLEMS WITH HUMAN MILK Nutritional Problems The adequacy of breast milk as the sole food for the baby is related to the mother's diet during pregnancy and lactation, to maternal calorie reserves in the form of subcutaneous fat, to fetal stores (mainly hepatic), and to birth weight. Although human milk is commonly believed to be a complete, perfect food for infants, deficiencies of vitamin K, vitamin D, and iron may develop in normal, full-term infants breast-fed by apparently healthy women consuming conventional diets. Other nutrient deficiencies may occur in breast-fed infants as a consequence of special conditions existing in the infant, the mother, or both. Normal infants consuming human milk or commercially prepared formulas will receive adequate vitamin K, except in the immediate neonatal period. Because this initial vitamin K deficiency does not become manifest until two or three days after birth, all full-term infants should receive 0.5 to 1 mg of water-soluble vitamin K preparation at delivery.31 Because human milk provides less vitamin K than fortified formulas do, and because breast-fed infants consume relatively small amounts of milk during the first few days of life, vitamin K deficiency in the newborn period is more common is breast-fed than in formula-fed infants.43,69 Thus, parenteral administration of a water-soluble vitamin K preparation to the newborn soon after birth is particularly desirable for breast-fed infants. A report42 that human milk contains appreciable but variable amounts of a water-soluble vitamin D sulfate suggests that the vitamin D content of human milk may be greater than was previously recognized.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status among preterm and full-term infants at birth

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather H. Burris ◽  
Linda J. Van Marter ◽  
Thomas F. McElrath ◽  
Patrik Tabatabai ◽  
Augusto A. Litonjua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Term Infants

WEIGHT GAINS IN THE FIRST FOUR WEEKS OF INFANCY: A COMPARISON OF THREE DIETS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Ruth T. Gross ◽  
Lincoln E. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Clinical Judgement ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of

Four hundred seven healthy, full-term infants were divided into three groups and fed, respectively, a formula of evaporated milk and water with 5% carbohydrate; human milk; and a special modified evaporated milk designed to simulate human milk. No other foods were added to the diet. A comparison of the three groups was made, based on weight gains from birth to the end of the first 4 weeks. The conclusions refer only to weight gains; no attempt was made to determine the superiority of any particular diet. The data show no significant differences in the 4-week weight gains among the three groups of infants, although sensitive statistical methods could be validly applied to the problem. These methods are explained. The authors wish to emphasize the many variables which must be taken into account in a study of this sort; the necessity for careful selection of valid statistical methods; the importance of critical clinical judgement in the evaluation of the results.

Vitamin D metabolites in human milk

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Weisman ◽  
Joseph C. Bawnik ◽  
Zipora Eisenberg ◽  
Zvi Spirer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites

scholarly journals Plasma soluble α-klotho protein levels in premature and term neonates: correlations with growth and metabolic parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Siahanidou ◽  
Maria Garatzioti ◽  
Christina Lazaropoulou ◽  
Georgia Kourlaba ◽  
Ioannis Papassotiriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objectiveα-Klotho (α-KL), a protein with antiaging properties, regulates phosphate, calcium, and bone metabolism, induces resistance to oxidative stress, and may participate in insulin signaling. The role of α-KL in neonates, known to be prone to metabolic disturbances and oxidative stress, is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating soluble α-KL concentrations in preterm and full-term neonates and unravel possible correlations with growth, metabolism, and indices of oxidative stress.DesignProspective study.MethodsPlasma-soluble α-KL levels were determined by specific ELISA in 50 healthy neonates (25 preterm, mean (s.d.) gestational age (GA) 33.7 (1.1) weeks, and 25 full-term infants) at days 14 and 28 of life. Associations of α-KL with anthropometric, metabolic parameters, and indices of oxidative stress were examined.Resultsα-KL levels were significantly higher in full-term than in preterm infants at both days 14 (1099 (480) pg/ml vs 884 (239) pg/ml respectively; P<0.05) and 28 (1277 (444) pg/ml vs 983 (264) pg/ml respectively; P<0.01). In both preterm and full-term infants, α-KL levels increased significantly from day 14 to 28 of life (P<0.001). Circulating α-KL concentrations correlated with GA (β=0.32, P=0.001), body weight (β=0.34, P=0.001), body length (β=0.33, P=0.001), 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D level (β=0.24, P<0.05), and malondialdehyde level (β=0.20, P<0.05) but not with glucose, insulin, or homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance values.ConclusionsSoluble α-KL levels rise as GA and postnatal age advance in neonates and may have an impact on vitamin D metabolism and oxidative stress. Whether α-KL may have a role in the regulation of infants' growth should be further studied.

scholarly journals Levels of Cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and Trace Elements (Zn, Cu) in Breast Milk From Mothers of Preterm and Term Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ustundag ◽  
Erdal Yilmaz ◽  
Yasar Dogan ◽  
Saadet Akarsu ◽  
Halit Canatan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytokine Levels

It has been well documented that human milk contains several immunomodulator components which are important during infant period when the newborn's immune system is still under development. In this study, we aim at examining levels of cytokines, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in milk from mothers of premature and mature infants, and comparing changes during lactation periods consequently. Milk was collected from total of 40 mothers (group M: mothers of mature infants,n=20; group PM: mothers of premature infants,n=20) from four lactation stages: colostrum (0–7 days), transitional (7–14 days), mature milk (21 days), and mature milk (2nd month). Levels of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-lβ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) were determined by chemiluminesence method, whereas atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for the determination of Zn and Cu levels. Cytokine levels were determined to be high in colostrum and transient milk from mothers of full-term infants, whereas their levels were reduced drastically in the 21st day and the 2nd month milk (P<.01,P<.001). Similar trends were observed in milk from mothers of premature infants, but cytokine levels were significantly lower in colostrum compared to colostrum from mothers of mature infants (P<.01). The differences in cytokine levels were continuous in transient milk (P<.05) and mature milk (21 days) (P<.05), whereas there was no statistically significant differences between milk from both groups of mothers in the 2nd month (P>.05). Zn levels in milk from mothers of premature infants were significantly lower compared to the ones from mothers of mature infants (P<.01) and these differences continued through the 2nd month. Although Cu levels were lower in milk from mothers of premature infants, there was no statistically significant difference except colostrum (P>.05). Our results clearly demonstrate that the level of immunomodulating agents such as cytokines and trace elements in milk from mothers of premature infants is less than the level of the same agents in milk from mothers of full-term infants. Although there are commercially available products for infant feeding, human milk is still the best natural nutrient for newborns. Therefore, when premature infants are breastfed, necessary precautions such as supplemantary diets must be considered for possible infections and risks related with immune system deficiency.

scholarly journals Επίπεδα της πρωτεΐνης klotho σε πρόωρα νεογνά

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Γαρατζιώτη
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Assessment Index

Klotho, a protein with anti-aging properties, regulates phosphate, calcium and bonemetabolism, induces resistance against oxidative stress and may participate in insulinsignalling. Neonates, especially preterm ones, are prone to metabolic disturbances andoxidative stress. The role of kltho in neonates is not known.The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate circulating klothoconcentrations in preterm and full-term neonates and unravel possible correlationswith growth, metabolism and indices of oxidative stress.Plasma Klotho levels were determined by specific ELISA in 50 healthy neonates (25preterm, mean [SD] gestational age 33.7 [1.1] weeks and 25 full-term infants) at days14 and 28 of life. Associations of Klotho with anthropometric (body weight andlength) and metabolic parameters (serum calcium, phosphate, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitaminD, parathormone, FGF23, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment index ofinsulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and indices of oxidative stress (malonyldialdehyde[MDA] concentration and superoxide dismutase activity) were examined.Statistical analysis led to the following results:1. Plasma Klotho levels are significantly higher in full-term than preterm infantsat both days 14 (1099 [480] pg/mL vs. 884 [239] pg/mL, respectively; P<0.05) and 28(1277 [444] pg/mL vs. 983 [264] pg/mL, respectively; P<0.01).2. In both preterm and full-term infants, Klotho levels increase significantly fromday 14 to 28 of life (P<0.001).3. Circulating -Klotho concentrations correlate with gestational age (r=0.32,P=0.001), body weight (r=0.34, p=0.001), body length (r=0.33, P=0.001), 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D level (r=0.24, P<0.05) and MDA level (r=0.20, P<0.05), but notwith glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR values.In conclusion, plasma klotho levels rise as gestational and postnatal age advance inneonates and may have an impact on vitamin D metabolism and oxidative stress.Whether klotho may have a role in the regulation of infants’ growth needs to befurther studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document