Some properties of the organic matrix of a bovine cortical bone sample in various media

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Lees ◽  
John D. Heeley ◽  
Paul F. Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Bone Sample

scholarly journals Manipulating the Amount and Structure of the Organic Matrix Affects the Water Compartments of Human Cortical Bone

JBMR Plus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffry S Nyman ◽  
Sasidhar Uppuganti ◽  
Mustafa Unal ◽  
Calen J Leverant ◽  
Saahit Adabala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Water Compartments

scholarly journals Application of ultrasound shortened the decalcification duration of human cortical bone sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dick Ho Kiu Chow ◽  
Li-Zhen Zheng ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Kam-Sing Ho ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Sample ◽  
Human Cortical Bone

Mechanical Stress on Suspended Cortical Bone Sample by Low Frequency Magnetic Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Schwab ◽  
Charlie Androjna ◽  
Erik I. Waldorff ◽  
James T. Ryaby ◽  
Lee R. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Bone Sample ◽  
Frequency Magnetic Field

Cortical Bone Tissue Viscoelastic Properties and its Constitutive Equation - Preliminary Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pawlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Strain Energy Function ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Bone Sample

Cortical Bone Tissue Viscoelastic Properties and its Constitutive Equation - Preliminary StudiesIn the paper, preliminary studies on formulation of a new constitutive equation of bone tissue are presented. A bone is modelled as a viscoelastic material. Thus, not only are elastic properties of the bone taken into account, but also both short-term and long-term viscoelastic properties are considered. A potential function is assumed for the bone, constant identification on the basis of experimental stress-strain curve fitting is completed and a preliminary constitutive equation is formulated. The experiments consisted of compressive tests performed on a cuboids-like bone sample of the following dimensions: 10×5×7.52 mm. The specimen was compressed along the highest dimension at the strain rates 0.016 s-1and 0.00016 s-1. In addition to this, stress relaxation test was performed to identify long-term viscoelastic constants of bone. In the experiments, only displacement in the load direction was measured. The bone sample was extracted from a bovine femur. The form of the proposed potential function is such that it models a bone as a transversely isotropic material. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the bone is incompressible. After the material constant identification the strain energy function proved to be adequate to describe bone behaviour under compressive load. Due to the fact that the function is convex, the results of the studies can be utilised in modelling of bone tissue in finite element analyses of an implant-bone system. Such analyses are very helpful in the process of a new prosthesis design as one can preoperatively verify the construction of the new implant and optimise its shape.

scholarly journals Studies on bone matrix glycoproteins. Incorporation of [1-14C]glucosamine and plasma [14C]glycoprotein into rabbit cortical bone

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Triffitt ◽  
Maureen Owen
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Acidic Components

The radioactively labelled constituents present in bone matrix were compared 12 days after injection of either [14C]glucosamine or plasma [14C]glycoprotein. Both precursors are utilized in the synthesis of organic matrix by bone tissue. Cortical bone from animals injected with [14C]glucosamine contains radioactivity derived from glucosamine and plasma glycoproteins and all glycoprotein fractions are labelled. Plasma [14C]glycoprotein labels the less acidic glycoproteins to a greater extent than the more acidic components. An antibody has been raised against the less-acidic-glycoprotein fraction of bone. The latter contains a glycoprotein of α-mobility that appears to be concentrated specifically in bone tissue and which is present also in plasma. This α-glycoprotein accounts for a large proportion of the components labelled and retained in bone matrix after [14C]glucosamine injection.

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cortical and Trabecular Bone

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 386-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Jerban ◽  
Yajun Ma ◽  
Zhao Wei ◽  
Hyungseok Jang ◽  
Eric Y. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Ultrashort Echo Time ◽  
Short T2

AbstractBone is a composite material consisting of mineral, organic matrix, and water. Water in bone can be categorized as bound water (BW), which is bound to bone mineral and organic matrix, or as pore water (PW), which resides in Haversian canals as well as in lacunae and canaliculi. Bone is generally classified into two types: cortical bone and trabecular bone. Cortical bone is much denser than trabecular bone that is surrounded by marrow and fat. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been increasingly used for noninvasive assessment of both cortical bone and trabecular bone. Bone typically appears as a signal void with conventional MR sequences because of its short T2*. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences with echo times 100 to 1,000 times shorter than those of conventional sequences allow direct imaging of BW and PW in bone. This article summarizes several quantitative MR techniques recently developed for bone evaluation. Specifically, we discuss the use of UTE and adiabatic inversion recovery prepared UTE sequences to quantify BW and PW, UTE magnetization transfer sequences to quantify collagen backbone protons, UTE quantitative susceptibility mapping sequences to assess bone mineral, and conventional sequences for high-resolution imaging of PW as well as the evaluation of trabecular bone architecture.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Three Dimensional Electrospun Cortical Bone Scaffolds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Andric ◽  
Brittany L. Taylor ◽  
Katherine E. Degen ◽  
Abby R. Whittington ◽  
Joseph W. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Fibers Orientation ◽  
Inorganic Mineral ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBone is a composite tissue composed of an organic matrix, inorganic mineral matrix and water. Structurally, bone is organized into two distinct types: trabecular (or cancellous) and cortical (or compact) bone. Cortical bone is highly organized, dense and composed of tightly packed units or osteons whereas trabecular bone is highly porous and usually found within the confines of cortical bone. Osteons, the subunits of cortical bone, consist of concentric layers of mineralized collagen fibers. While many scaffold fabrication techniques have sought to replicate the structure and organization of trabecular bone, very little research focuses on mimicking the organization of native cortical bone. In this study we fabricated three-dimensional electrospun cortical scaffolds by heat sintering individual osteon-like scaffolds. The scaffolds contained a system of channels running parallel to the length of the scaffolds, as found naturally in the haversian systems of bone tissue. The purpose of the studies discussed in this paper was to develop a mechanically enhanced biomimetic electrospun cortical scaffold. To that end we investigated the appropriate mineralization and cross-linking methods for these structures and to evaluate the mechanical properties of scaffolds with varying fiber angles. Cross-linking the gelatin in the scaffolds prior to the mineralization of the scaffolds proved to help prevent channels of the osteons from collapsing during fabrication. Premineralization, before larger scaffold formation and mineralization, increased mineral deposition between the electrospun layers of the scaffolds. A combination of cross-linking and premineralization significantly increased the compressive moduli of the individual scaffolds. Furthermore, scaffolds with fibers orientation ranging between 15° and 45° yielded the highest compressive moduli and yield strength.

Effect of Bone Mineral Content on the Tensile Properties of Cortical Bone: Experiments and Theory

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Kotha ◽  
N. Guzelsu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Experimental Values

The effect of mineral volume fraction on the tensile mechanical properties of cortical bone tissue is investigated by theoretical and experimental means. The mineral content of plexiform, bovine bone was lowered by 18% and 29% by immersion in fluoride solutions for 3 days and 12 days, respectively. The elastic modulus, yield strength and ultimate strength of bone tissue decreased, while the ultimate strain increased with a decrease in mineral content. The mechanical behavior of bone tissue was modeled by using a micro-mechanical shear lag theory consisting of overlapped mineral platelets reinforcing the organic matrix. The decrease in yield stress, by the 0.002 offset method, of the fluoride treated bones were matched in the theoretical curves by lowering the shear yield stress of the organic matrix. The failure criterion used was based on failure stresses determined from a failure envelope (Mohr’s circle), which was constructed using experimental data. It was found that the model predictions of elastic modulus got worse with a decrease in mineral content (being 7.9%, 17.2% and 33.0% higher for the control, 3-day and 12-day fluoride-treated bones). As a result, the developed theory could not fully predict the yield strain of bones with lowered mineral content, being 12.9% and 21.7% lower than the experimental values. The predicted ultimate stresses of the bone tissues with lower mineral contents were within ±10% of the experimental values while the ultimate strains were 12.7% and 26.3% lower than the experimental values. Although the model developed in this study did not take into account the presence of hierarchical structures, voids, orientation of collagen molecules and micro cracks, it still indicated that the mechanical properties of the organic matrix depend on bone mineral content.

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